What does the scarlet pimpernel really represent?

I'm not sure how much of it is in chapter 1. We see the hoards calmmoring to watch the executions of nobility. The scarlett Pimpernel represents resistence to the manic hysteriathat is sweeping Paris. Check this out from the GradeSaver Site,

The flower known as the "the Scarlet Pimpernel" is, according to the narrator, "the name of a humble English wayside flower; but it is also the name chosen to hide the identity of the best and bravest man in all the world." The flower, then, which has become Percy's moniker symbolizes all his best qualities -- his English charm, his humble origins, and his innate humility as a hero that expects no reward for his deeds. Perhaps the most admirable thing about Percy is that he's willing to appear stupid, even buffoonish, in order to secretly continue his missions as the Pimpernel. Indeed, behind a deceptively humble front dwells a hero.

Hope this helps a little.