American poet Ralph Waldo Emerson once stated, “Without a rich heart, wealth is an ugly beggar.” While many would agree with Emerson’s claim that materialistic gain is insignificant without core values and a strong moral compass, the community of...

In Gloria Naylor’s Linden Hills, the vignette of Ruth and Norman’s lives on Wayne Avenue serves as a stark contrast to the tales of the inhabitants dwelling in the adjacent, more affluent neighborhood of Linden Hills. Naylor uses this couple to...

There are many different ways to describe the mysticism that pervades Willow Springs in Gloria Naylor’s Mama Day. Most people would call it magic, but every character would describe it differently. Mama Day would call it seeing. Dr. Buzzard would...