How old are characterized science and the modern in the text, and what Victor's position against both?

I'm not exactly sure what you are getting at here. The science in the text was obviously old and fictional. We can't begin to do what Victor did even now. The science he used doesn't work. One can't fuse old body parts together like a car.

There is an excellent article on this topic available at the site listed below.

Frankenstein and Scientific Revelation

Frankenstein and the Problem of Modern Science (Part 2 of 3)

Andrew Bartlett

Another article (source below) has to do with the science of electricity.

Frankenstein: The Man and the Monster