Chapter 3 also includes Vladek's first - and only - mention of the Jewish religion within the pages of the story (with the exception of the "Prisoner on the Hell Planet" comic in Chapter 5 of Book I). Up until this point, the classification of Vladek, Art, and their friends and family as "Jews" is taken for granted and made concrete through their representation as mice, but the classification of "Jewish" seems to define a set of racial and cultural factors more than anything else. The Jewish religion is rarely mentioned. Freezing and starving within the confines of the prisoner of war camp, however, Vladek prayed every day.