What is the SYSTEM made of outliers?

After presenting this information, Gladwell offers a full explanation of the chapter's title. The "Matthew Effect" was an idea developed by sociologist Robert Merton; it takes its name from a verse in the Gospel of Matthew, which states that those who already have advantages will see further abundance, while the disadvantaged will simply continue to face losses. This kind of skewing can result from random factors such as birth date (outliers) which deprive large numbers of competitors of meaningful opportunities