identify these groups: Cynics, Epicureans and Stoics

Cynics generally believed that happiness had nothing to do with material goods or wealth.

Stoics believed that there was a universal natural law that "governed all mankind."

Epicureans believed that pleasure was the highest order in life and should be sought by people.

In "Sophie's World" by Jostein Gaarder, the Cynics, Epicureans, and Stoics are three distinct schools of ancient Greek philosophy. Here's a brief overview of each group and their relevance in the book:

1. Cynics:
Philosophical Perspective: The Cynics were a school of thought founded by Diogenes of Sinope and characterized by their emphasis on living a simple and ascetic life in accordance with nature. They rejected material wealth and social conventions.
Significance in the Book: The Cynics are briefly mentioned in the book as one of the philosophical schools that Sophie encounters during her philosophical journey. Their emphasis on simplicity and the rejection of societal norms serve as a contrast to other philosophical perspectives discussed in the book.

2. Epicureans:
Philosophical Perspective: The Epicureans, followers of Epicurus, believed that the highest good was the tranquility and happiness achieved through the pursuit of simple pleasures, the avoidance of pain, and the cultivation of friendship and knowledge.
Significance in the Book: The Epicureans are explored in the book as part of Sophie's philosophical education. Their emphasis on pleasure and the pursuit of a tranquil life is contrasted with other philosophical views, especially those of the Stoics.

3. Stoics:
Philosophical Perspective: The Stoics, led by philosophers like Epictetus and Seneca, advocated the pursuit of virtue, self-discipline, and rationality as the path to eudaimonia (happiness and flourishing). They believed in accepting what was beyond their control and maintaining inner peace in the face of adversity.
Significance in the Book: The Stoics play a significant role in the book, as Sophie explores their ideas on ethics, virtue, and the importance of distinguishing between what is within our control and what is not. The Stoic perspective is particularly relevant when Sophie faces ethical dilemmas and personal challenges.

In "Sophie's World," these philosophical schools are presented to Sophie and the readers as part of her education in the history of philosophy. They represent different approaches to life, happiness, and ethics, allowing the book to explore a wide range of philosophical ideas and perspectives.