Is it Sophie or Albert that is provoking Hilde to rebel against the “game of shadows”?

I think it was Sophie who planted the idea of rebelling in Hilde's mind.

In "Sophie's World" by Jostein Gaarder, it is Hilde's father, Major Albert Knag, who is provoking Hilde to rebel against what he refers to as the "game of shadows." Major Knag has been constructing a philosophical narrative for Hilde, using the character of Sophie as a vehicle to explore complex philosophical ideas. He wants Hilde to question her reality and to challenge the boundaries between fiction and reality, encouraging her to engage in philosophical reflection and self-discovery. This narrative becomes a central element of the story as Hilde grapples with her father's intentions and the nature of her existence. Sophie, on the other hand, is not directly involved in provoking Hilde but is a character within the philosophical narrative created by Major Knag.