To what extent, if any, is the end tragic? Why does Camus use the words “Had loved’ instead of “loved” in describing the landscape?

The ending is tragic because Daru realizes that he will never be accepted by the Arab people. Daru tried to do the right thing and his life is still in danger. Daru feels a sense of isolation and futility. "Had loved" points to the fact that Daru could no longer be in Algeria.