The Old Man and the Sea
in what way does the shark attack come as a shock to the reader
.
.
The reader is sharing in Santiago's success and happy that he's achieved what he set out to achieve........ Hemmingway gave us no warning that the celebration would be so short. We're lulled into complacency and BOOM, it isn't really falling action, it's a whole new climax.
The Old Man and the Sea