how does henry feel after the eavesdropping on the two officers?

Do you mean chapter 17?

According to the Lieutenant he fought like a wild cat;

"By heavens, if I had ten thousand wild cats like you I could tear th' stomach outa this war in less'n a week!"

Afterwards Henry is described as feeling like a beast or a barbarian....... he even brings up feeling like a pagan fighting to defend his religion.