Wringer

What was the purpose of the flashback at the end of Chapter 4?

why was the flashback of wringer at the end of chapter 4 needed/included

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Spinelli uses falshback or memory in order to help us understand Palmer's characters. In this section, the actions of Beans, Mutto, and Henry, who are pretending to be wringers sparks a memory in Palmer's past. Palmer sees the killing of pigeons as a brutal act, and the event he remembers is a continuous source of anguish.

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Wringer