Born in November 1871 in Newark, New Jersey, Stephen Crane was the youngest of fourteen children. After his father died in 1880, Crane was raised by his mother, a writer who contributed to various Methodist papers.
As a young man, Crane dropped out of college and moved to New York City, where he wrote freelance articles about life in the Bowery slum. Crane first gained recognition as a great novelist with his second novel, The Red Badge of Courage. In addition to his newspaper correspondence, Crane wrote write six novels, eight story collections, and two volumes of poetry before his death from tuberculosis at age 28.
Critics consider Crane an early pioneer of the genre of naturalism, due to his realistic depictions of characters who are not in control of their lives but are strongly affected by natural forces, either external or emotional.