Culture and Anarchy: An Essay in Political and Social Criticism is a series of periodical essays by Matthew Arnold, first published in Cornhill Magazine 1867–68 and collected as a book in 1869. The preface was added in 1869.[1][2][3]
Arnold's famous piece of writing on culture established his High Victorian cultural agenda which remained dominant in debate from the 1860s until the 1950s.
According to his view advanced in the book, "Culture [...] is a study of perfection". He further wrote that: "[Culture] seeks to do away with classes; to make the best that has been thought and known in the world current everywhere; to make all men live in an atmosphere of sweetness and light [...]".
His often quoted phrase "[culture is] the best which has been thought and said" comes from the Preface to Culture and Anarchy:
- The whole scope of the essay is to recommend culture as the great help out of our present difficulties; culture being a pursuit of our total perfection by means of getting to know, on all the matters which most concern us, the best which has been thought and said in the world, and, through this knowledge, turning a stream of fresh and free thought upon our stock notions and habits, which we now follow staunchly but mechanically, vainly imagining that there is a virtue in following them staunchly which makes up for the mischief of following them mechanically.
The book contains most of the terms – culture, sweetness and light, Barbarian, Philistine, Hebraism, and many others – which are more associated with Arnold's work influence.
Notes- ^ Arnold, Matthew (1889). Culture and anarchy; an essay in political and social criticism. Internet Archive. London, Smith, Elder.
- ^ Matthew Arnold. Culture & anarchy: an essay in political and social criticism ; and ... Harvard University. Macmillan, 1894.
- ^ Robert H. Super, Culture and Anarchy with Friendship's Garland and Some Literary Essays, Volume V of The Complete Works of Matthew Arnold, The University of Michigan Press, 1965.
- Robert H. Super (editor), The Complete Prose Works of Matthew Arnold in eleven volumes (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1960–1977)
- Volume V: Culture and Anarchy with Friendship's Garland and Some Literary Essays (1965).
- Stefan Collini (editor), Culture and Anarchy and other writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993) part of the Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought series.
- Collini's introduction to this edition attempts to show that "Culture and Anarchy ... has left a lasting impress upon subsequent debate about the relation between politics and culture" —Introduction, pg ix.
- Lionel Trilling, Matthew Arnold (New York: Norton, 1939)
- Park Honan, Matthew Arnold, a life (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1981) ISBN 0-07-029697-9
- Stefan Collini, Arnold (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988)
- Robert J.C. Young, Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Culture, Theory and Race (Routledge: London and New York, 1995) ISBN 0-415-05374-9
- Young demonstrates the extent of Arnold's indebtedness in his book Culture and Anarchy to the nationalist and "racial" theories of French writer Ernest Renan, whose ideas were used to rationalize and justify European colonialism.
- Culture and Anarchy at Standard Ebooks
- Culture and Anarchy at Internet Archive: 1889 print
- Culture and Anarchy at Internet Archive: 1894 print
- Culture and Anarchy at Project Gutenberg
- Culture and Anarchy public domain audiobook at LibriVox
