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Weixlmann, Joe, Ishmael Reed, and Clarence Major. "African American Deconstruction of the Novel in the Work of Ishmael Reed and Clarence Major." MELUS 17, no. 4 (1991): 57-79. Accessed February 8, 2021. doi:10.2307/467268.
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Samuel, Kameelah Martin. "RETHINKING ISHMAEL REED'S "MUMBO JUMBO": NEO-HOODOO WOMANIST TEXT?" CLA Journal 52, no. 2 (2008): 111-31. Accessed February 8, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44325462.
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Parks, John G. "MINING AND UNDERMINING THE OLD PLOTS: ISHMAEL REED'S "MUMBO JUMBO"." The Centennial Review 39, no. 1 (1995): 163-70. Accessed February 8, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23739560.
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McCoy, Beth. "Paratext, Citation, and Academic Desire in Ishmael Reed's "Mumbo Jumbo"." Contemporary Literature 46, no. 4 (2005): 604-35. Accessed February 8, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4489138.
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Mason, Theodore O. "PERFORMANCE, HISTORY, AND MYTH: THE PROBLEM OF ISHMAEL REED'S "MUMBO-JUMBO"." Modern Fiction Studies 34, no. 1 (1988): 97-109. Accessed February 8, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26282406.
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Hoffman, Donald L. "A Darker Shade of Grail: Questing at the Crossroads in Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo." Callaloo 17, no. 4 (1994): 1245-256. Accessed February 8, 2021. doi:10.2307/2932193.
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Swope, Richard. "Crossing Western Space, or the HooDoo Detective on the Boundary in Ishmael Reed's "Mumbo Jumbo"." African American Review 36, no. 4 (2002): 611-28. Accessed February 8, 2021. doi:10.2307/1512421.
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Strombeck, Andrew. "The Conspiracy of Masculinity in Ishmael Reed." African American Review 40, no. 2 (2006): 299-311. Accessed February 8, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40033717.
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Hogue, W. Lawrence. "Postmodernism, Traditional Cultural Forms, and the African American Narrative: Major's "Reflex", Morrison's "Jazz", and Reed's "Mumbo Jumbo"." NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction 35, no. 2/3 (2002): 169-92. Accessed February 8, 2021. doi:10.2307/1346182.
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Jessee, Sharon A. "Laughter and Identity in Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo." MELUS 21, no. 4 (1996): 127-39. Accessed February 8, 2021. doi:10.2307/467645.
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Musgrave, Marian E. "ISHMAEL REED'S BLACK OEDIPUS CYCLE." Obsidian (1975-1982) 6, no. 3 (1980): 60-67. Accessed February 8, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44511913.
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Isiah Lavender, III. "Ethnoscapes: Environment and Language in Ishmael Reed's "Mumbo Jumbo", Colson Whitehead's "The Intuitionist", and Samuel R. Delany's "Babel-17"." Science Fiction Studies 34, no. 2 (2007): 187-200. Accessed February 8, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4241521.
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PARAVISINI, LIZABETH. ""MUMBO JUMBO" AND THE USES OF PARODY." Obsidian II 1, no. 1/2 (1986): 113-27. Accessed February 8, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44486145.
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Omry, Keren. "Literary Free Jazz? "Mumbo Jumbo" and "Paradise": Language and Meaning." African American Review 41, no. 1 (2007): 127-41. Accessed February 8, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40033769.
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Lindroth, James. "Images of Subversion: Ishmael Reed and the Hoodoo Trickster." African American Review 30, no. 2 (1996): 185-96. Accessed February 8, 2021. doi:10.2307/3042353.
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Jonathan P. Lewis. "Set and Osiris in Ishmael Reed's Neo-HooDoo Aesthetic." Pacific Coast Philology 49, no. 1 (2014): 78-98. Accessed February 8, 2021. doi:10.5325/pacicoasphil.49.1.0078.
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Lock, Helen. ""A Man's Story Is His Gris-gris": Ishmael Reed's Neo-HooDoo Aesthetic and the African-American Tradition." South Central Review 10, no. 1 (1993): 67-77. Accessed March 12, 2021. doi:10.2307/3190283.
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Dayan, Joan. "Erzulie: A Women's History of Haiti." Research in African Literatures 25, no. 2 (1994): 5-31. Accessed March 14, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4618262.
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Gates, Henry Louis. "The "Blackness of Blackness": A Critique of the Sign and the Signifying Monkey." Critical Inquiry 9, no. 4 (1983): 685-723. Accessed March 16, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1343378.
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- "Mumbo Jumbo: a dazzling classic finally gets the recognition it deserves." Guardian. 2/8/21. <https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2017/aug/01/mumbo-jumbo-a-penguin-classic-2017-ishmael-reed>.
- Bishop, Benjamin Clark. "The political conspiracies of Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo: historical relativism and the contemporary battle for power." 2/8/21. <https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8109&context=rtd>.
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- Nimura, Tamiko Fiona . "'TIME IS NOT A RIVER' THE IMPLICATIONS OF MUMBO JUMBO'S PENDULUM CHRONOLOGY FOR COALITION POLITICS ." 2/8/21. <https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1185&context=esr>.
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- "The New Era." American Yawp. 2/14/21. <http://www.americanyawp.com/text/22-the-twenties/>.
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- "U.S. Invasion and Occupation of Haiti, 1915–34 ." State Department. 3/10/21. <https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/haiti>.
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Mumbo Jumbo
by Ishmael Reed
