doth
archaic form of "does"
hence
as a consequence; for this reason
partake
to eat or drink something
rue
bitterly regret (something one has done or allowed to happen) and wish it undone
ruth
a feeling of pity, distress, or grief
severed
having been cut or sliced off
virgin-train
Jonson uses "train" to mean "a retinue of attendants accompanying an important person." Here, Mary is attended by other virgins.