1 Which of these philosophers is a dogmatist, according to Kant? Plato Gottfried Leibniz René Descartes David Hume 2 Which of these philosophers proved that causation could not be experienced? Aristotle Christian Wolff Thomas Aquinas David Hume 3 Which of these is an a priori judgment? “This table is heavy.” “Not all books are the same size.” ‘Some bachelors are named Richard.” “2+2=4” 4 What kind of knowledge does metaphysics seek? analytic a priori knowledge synthetic a posteriori knowledge analytic a posteriori knowledge synthetic a priori knowledge 5 Which of these is an a priori, or pure, intuition? gravitation a circle infinity God 6 How is mathematics possible as a science? Through observation and induction. From the pure intuitions of time and space. By the common agreement of mathematicians. It’s not, it’s only informed conjecture. 7 Which is the definition of nature, according to Kant? organic matter like plants or trees the cognition of an object as being determined by a universal law anything that isn’t human inclination or instinct 8 Why is a subjective impression not universally valid? Because our senses are frequently in error. Because we can’t be sure if other people are sensing the same thing. Because it only makes a claim about the perceiving subject. It is—in fact, it is the only form of certainty. 9 Which of the following is not a category of relation? Quantity Community Inherence Causality 10 What is a judgment of experience? A sensory perception linked with a category of the understanding. A judgment based on the simple facts of sensory experience. Induction from sensory experience to abstract generality. A judgment based on memory. 11 What category of judgment is the statement, “This coffee is hot because it was just made?” Modal Affirmative Causal Negative 12 What is the relationship between the natural sciences and the understanding? There is none, natural science is based entirely on sensory experience. There is none, the natural science are derived from Reason. The understanding grasps the laws inherent in things as they are. The natural sciences are derived from the pure categories of the understanding. 13 Which faculty is responsible for us seeing that an object is red? Intuition Imagination Understanding Reason 14 Which faculty is responsible for linking sensory experiences? Understanding Reason Intuition Imagination 15 Which faculty is responsible for asking whether God exists? Reason Imagination Understanding Intuition 16 Why is metaphysics led so easily into error? Because it can’t be verified by the senses. Because philosophers are so hungry for fame that they will tell the public what it thinks it wants to hear. Because the world is a confusing place. Because the human mind can’t attain truth. 17 In what way does Reason intervene in the understanding? By proving that the universe is infinite. By proving that nothing can be truly known. By positing moral obligations. By proving that God exists. 18 Why can’t we know whether the universe is infinite or finite? Because it is both infinite and finite. Because it is finite, but we can’t travel to its edge to know for sure. Because space is a form of intuition, and not an attribute of objects themselves. Because it is in fact infinite, but our mind is finite. 19 Which of the following is not an Idea of Reason? Causality Infinity God Liberty 20 Why is moral obligation an Idea of Reason? Because it is more reasonable to follow moral laws than not to. Because following the moral law gives us a sense of satisfaction. Because it can’t be derived from experience. Because it is self-contradictory and erroneous. 21 What does Kant mean when he says that the natural sciences are limited? There are no questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. The human mind is finite and can’t know everything. They don’t answer the deeper spiritual needs of human life. There are questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. 22 Why can’t we have a purely intellectual proof of God’s existence? Because God exceeds the human intellect. Because using our intellect shows us that God does not exist. Because to truly know God we would need to have sensory experience of Him. Because, though the proofs hold up, they are spiritually unsatisfying. 23 What is critique, according to Kant? The use of rigorous logic. Maintaining a philosophical distance from commonly held ideas. Commentary on previous philosophers, showing how they might have improved their work. Using Reason to examine Ideas of Reason for internal contradictions. 24 What is the difference between metaphysics and common sense? Common sense is often error, whereas metaphysics is correct more frequently. Common sense is more practical and useful than metaphysics. Metaphysics can be grounded as a science, common sense can’t. There is no difference. 25 What must a proper critique do, according to Kant? Examine a philosopher’s previous work. Take a political stand against authority. Examine a concept or idea from with respect to each faculty. Respond negatively to a preexisting philosophical work.