1 Which of these philosophers is a dogmatist, according to Kant? René Descartes Plato David Hume Gottfried Leibniz 2 Which of these philosophers proved that causation could not be experienced? Christian Wolff Aristotle Thomas Aquinas David Hume 3 Which of these is an a priori judgment? ‘Some bachelors are named Richard.” “2+2=4” “Not all books are the same size.” “This table is heavy.” 4 What kind of knowledge does metaphysics seek? synthetic a priori knowledge analytic a posteriori knowledge synthetic a posteriori knowledge analytic a priori knowledge 5 Which of these is an a priori, or pure, intuition? infinity gravitation God a circle 6 How is mathematics possible as a science? It’s not, it’s only informed conjecture. By the common agreement of mathematicians. Through observation and induction. From the pure intuitions of time and space. 7 Which is the definition of nature, according to Kant? the cognition of an object as being determined by a universal law organic matter like plants or trees inclination or instinct anything that isn’t human 8 Why is a subjective impression not universally valid? Because our senses are frequently in error. It is—in fact, it is the only form of certainty. Because it only makes a claim about the perceiving subject. Because we can’t be sure if other people are sensing the same thing. 9 Which of the following is not a category of relation? Causality Inherence Quantity Community 10 What is a judgment of experience? A judgment based on memory. A judgment based on the simple facts of sensory experience. A sensory perception linked with a category of the understanding. Induction from sensory experience to abstract generality. 11 What category of judgment is the statement, “This coffee is hot because it was just made?” Affirmative Causal Modal Negative 12 What is the relationship between the natural sciences and the understanding? There is none, the natural science are derived from Reason. There is none, natural science is based entirely on sensory experience. The natural sciences are derived from the pure categories of the understanding. The understanding grasps the laws inherent in things as they are. 13 Which faculty is responsible for us seeing that an object is red? Intuition Reason Imagination Understanding 14 Which faculty is responsible for linking sensory experiences? Reason Imagination Understanding Intuition 15 Which faculty is responsible for asking whether God exists? Intuition Reason Understanding Imagination 16 Why is metaphysics led so easily into error? Because the human mind can’t attain truth. Because philosophers are so hungry for fame that they will tell the public what it thinks it wants to hear. Because the world is a confusing place. Because it can’t be verified by the senses. 17 In what way does Reason intervene in the understanding? By proving that the universe is infinite. By positing moral obligations. By proving that God exists. By proving that nothing can be truly known. 18 Why can’t we know whether the universe is infinite or finite? Because it is in fact infinite, but our mind is finite. Because space is a form of intuition, and not an attribute of objects themselves. Because it is finite, but we can’t travel to its edge to know for sure. Because it is both infinite and finite. 19 Which of the following is not an Idea of Reason? God Liberty Infinity Causality 20 Why is moral obligation an Idea of Reason? Because following the moral law gives us a sense of satisfaction. Because it is self-contradictory and erroneous. Because it can’t be derived from experience. Because it is more reasonable to follow moral laws than not to. 21 What does Kant mean when he says that the natural sciences are limited? They don’t answer the deeper spiritual needs of human life. The human mind is finite and can’t know everything. There are no questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. There are questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. 22 Why can’t we have a purely intellectual proof of God’s existence? Because to truly know God we would need to have sensory experience of Him. Because, though the proofs hold up, they are spiritually unsatisfying. Because using our intellect shows us that God does not exist. Because God exceeds the human intellect. 23 What is critique, according to Kant? Commentary on previous philosophers, showing how they might have improved their work. The use of rigorous logic. Maintaining a philosophical distance from commonly held ideas. Using Reason to examine Ideas of Reason for internal contradictions. 24 What is the difference between metaphysics and common sense? Common sense is often error, whereas metaphysics is correct more frequently. Common sense is more practical and useful than metaphysics. There is no difference. Metaphysics can be grounded as a science, common sense can’t. 25 What must a proper critique do, according to Kant? Respond negatively to a preexisting philosophical work. Examine a philosopher’s previous work. Examine a concept or idea from with respect to each faculty. Take a political stand against authority.