1 Which of these philosophers is a dogmatist, according to Kant? René Descartes David Hume Plato Gottfried Leibniz 2 Which of these philosophers proved that causation could not be experienced? Aristotle David Hume Christian Wolff Thomas Aquinas 3 Which of these is an a priori judgment? “This table is heavy.” ‘Some bachelors are named Richard.” “Not all books are the same size.” “2+2=4” 4 What kind of knowledge does metaphysics seek? synthetic a priori knowledge analytic a posteriori knowledge analytic a priori knowledge synthetic a posteriori knowledge 5 Which of these is an a priori, or pure, intuition? a circle gravitation God infinity 6 How is mathematics possible as a science? From the pure intuitions of time and space. By the common agreement of mathematicians. Through observation and induction. It’s not, it’s only informed conjecture. 7 Which is the definition of nature, according to Kant? anything that isn’t human the cognition of an object as being determined by a universal law inclination or instinct organic matter like plants or trees 8 Why is a subjective impression not universally valid? Because we can’t be sure if other people are sensing the same thing. Because it only makes a claim about the perceiving subject. Because our senses are frequently in error. It is—in fact, it is the only form of certainty. 9 Which of the following is not a category of relation? Inherence Community Quantity Causality 10 What is a judgment of experience? A judgment based on the simple facts of sensory experience. A judgment based on memory. A sensory perception linked with a category of the understanding. Induction from sensory experience to abstract generality. 11 What category of judgment is the statement, “This coffee is hot because it was just made?” Modal Causal Negative Affirmative 12 What is the relationship between the natural sciences and the understanding? The understanding grasps the laws inherent in things as they are. There is none, natural science is based entirely on sensory experience. The natural sciences are derived from the pure categories of the understanding. There is none, the natural science are derived from Reason. 13 Which faculty is responsible for us seeing that an object is red? Reason Understanding Intuition Imagination 14 Which faculty is responsible for linking sensory experiences? Imagination Understanding Intuition Reason 15 Which faculty is responsible for asking whether God exists? Understanding Intuition Imagination Reason 16 Why is metaphysics led so easily into error? Because it can’t be verified by the senses. Because the world is a confusing place. Because the human mind can’t attain truth. Because philosophers are so hungry for fame that they will tell the public what it thinks it wants to hear. 17 In what way does Reason intervene in the understanding? By proving that the universe is infinite. By proving that God exists. By positing moral obligations. By proving that nothing can be truly known. 18 Why can’t we know whether the universe is infinite or finite? Because it is finite, but we can’t travel to its edge to know for sure. Because it is both infinite and finite. Because it is in fact infinite, but our mind is finite. Because space is a form of intuition, and not an attribute of objects themselves. 19 Which of the following is not an Idea of Reason? Causality Liberty Infinity God 20 Why is moral obligation an Idea of Reason? Because it can’t be derived from experience. Because it is self-contradictory and erroneous. Because it is more reasonable to follow moral laws than not to. Because following the moral law gives us a sense of satisfaction. 21 What does Kant mean when he says that the natural sciences are limited? The human mind is finite and can’t know everything. There are no questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. There are questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. They don’t answer the deeper spiritual needs of human life. 22 Why can’t we have a purely intellectual proof of God’s existence? Because using our intellect shows us that God does not exist. Because God exceeds the human intellect. Because to truly know God we would need to have sensory experience of Him. Because, though the proofs hold up, they are spiritually unsatisfying. 23 What is critique, according to Kant? Using Reason to examine Ideas of Reason for internal contradictions. The use of rigorous logic. Commentary on previous philosophers, showing how they might have improved their work. Maintaining a philosophical distance from commonly held ideas. 24 What is the difference between metaphysics and common sense? Common sense is often error, whereas metaphysics is correct more frequently. Metaphysics can be grounded as a science, common sense can’t. There is no difference. Common sense is more practical and useful than metaphysics. 25 What must a proper critique do, according to Kant? Examine a concept or idea from with respect to each faculty. Take a political stand against authority. Respond negatively to a preexisting philosophical work. Examine a philosopher’s previous work.