1 Which of these philosophers is a dogmatist, according to Kant? David Hume René Descartes Plato Gottfried Leibniz 2 Which of these philosophers proved that causation could not be experienced? Thomas Aquinas Aristotle Christian Wolff David Hume 3 Which of these is an a priori judgment? ‘Some bachelors are named Richard.” “Not all books are the same size.” “This table is heavy.” “2+2=4” 4 What kind of knowledge does metaphysics seek? synthetic a priori knowledge analytic a priori knowledge analytic a posteriori knowledge synthetic a posteriori knowledge 5 Which of these is an a priori, or pure, intuition? God infinity gravitation a circle 6 How is mathematics possible as a science? It’s not, it’s only informed conjecture. Through observation and induction. By the common agreement of mathematicians. From the pure intuitions of time and space. 7 Which is the definition of nature, according to Kant? the cognition of an object as being determined by a universal law anything that isn’t human inclination or instinct organic matter like plants or trees 8 Why is a subjective impression not universally valid? It is—in fact, it is the only form of certainty. Because we can’t be sure if other people are sensing the same thing. Because our senses are frequently in error. Because it only makes a claim about the perceiving subject. 9 Which of the following is not a category of relation? Quantity Community Inherence Causality 10 What is a judgment of experience? A judgment based on memory. A judgment based on the simple facts of sensory experience. A sensory perception linked with a category of the understanding. Induction from sensory experience to abstract generality. 11 What category of judgment is the statement, “This coffee is hot because it was just made?” Modal Negative Causal Affirmative 12 What is the relationship between the natural sciences and the understanding? The understanding grasps the laws inherent in things as they are. The natural sciences are derived from the pure categories of the understanding. There is none, natural science is based entirely on sensory experience. There is none, the natural science are derived from Reason. 13 Which faculty is responsible for us seeing that an object is red? Imagination Intuition Understanding Reason 14 Which faculty is responsible for linking sensory experiences? Intuition Reason Imagination Understanding 15 Which faculty is responsible for asking whether God exists? Understanding Reason Intuition Imagination 16 Why is metaphysics led so easily into error? Because philosophers are so hungry for fame that they will tell the public what it thinks it wants to hear. Because the human mind can’t attain truth. Because the world is a confusing place. Because it can’t be verified by the senses. 17 In what way does Reason intervene in the understanding? By proving that nothing can be truly known. By proving that the universe is infinite. By proving that God exists. By positing moral obligations. 18 Why can’t we know whether the universe is infinite or finite? Because space is a form of intuition, and not an attribute of objects themselves. Because it is finite, but we can’t travel to its edge to know for sure. Because it is in fact infinite, but our mind is finite. Because it is both infinite and finite. 19 Which of the following is not an Idea of Reason? God Infinity Causality Liberty 20 Why is moral obligation an Idea of Reason? Because it can’t be derived from experience. Because it is self-contradictory and erroneous. Because following the moral law gives us a sense of satisfaction. Because it is more reasonable to follow moral laws than not to. 21 What does Kant mean when he says that the natural sciences are limited? There are no questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. There are questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. The human mind is finite and can’t know everything. They don’t answer the deeper spiritual needs of human life. 22 Why can’t we have a purely intellectual proof of God’s existence? Because to truly know God we would need to have sensory experience of Him. Because, though the proofs hold up, they are spiritually unsatisfying. Because God exceeds the human intellect. Because using our intellect shows us that God does not exist. 23 What is critique, according to Kant? The use of rigorous logic. Maintaining a philosophical distance from commonly held ideas. Using Reason to examine Ideas of Reason for internal contradictions. Commentary on previous philosophers, showing how they might have improved their work. 24 What is the difference between metaphysics and common sense? There is no difference. Common sense is often error, whereas metaphysics is correct more frequently. Common sense is more practical and useful than metaphysics. Metaphysics can be grounded as a science, common sense can’t. 25 What must a proper critique do, according to Kant? Examine a concept or idea from with respect to each faculty. Respond negatively to a preexisting philosophical work. Take a political stand against authority. Examine a philosopher’s previous work.