1 Which of these philosophers is a dogmatist, according to Kant? René Descartes Gottfried Leibniz Plato David Hume 2 Which of these philosophers proved that causation could not be experienced? Thomas Aquinas Aristotle David Hume Christian Wolff 3 Which of these is an a priori judgment? ‘Some bachelors are named Richard.” “2+2=4” “Not all books are the same size.” “This table is heavy.” 4 What kind of knowledge does metaphysics seek? synthetic a posteriori knowledge synthetic a priori knowledge analytic a posteriori knowledge analytic a priori knowledge 5 Which of these is an a priori, or pure, intuition? God gravitation infinity a circle 6 How is mathematics possible as a science? Through observation and induction. By the common agreement of mathematicians. From the pure intuitions of time and space. It’s not, it’s only informed conjecture. 7 Which is the definition of nature, according to Kant? inclination or instinct anything that isn’t human the cognition of an object as being determined by a universal law organic matter like plants or trees 8 Why is a subjective impression not universally valid? Because our senses are frequently in error. Because we can’t be sure if other people are sensing the same thing. Because it only makes a claim about the perceiving subject. It is—in fact, it is the only form of certainty. 9 Which of the following is not a category of relation? Community Causality Quantity Inherence 10 What is a judgment of experience? A judgment based on the simple facts of sensory experience. Induction from sensory experience to abstract generality. A sensory perception linked with a category of the understanding. A judgment based on memory. 11 What category of judgment is the statement, “This coffee is hot because it was just made?” Affirmative Negative Causal Modal 12 What is the relationship between the natural sciences and the understanding? The understanding grasps the laws inherent in things as they are. The natural sciences are derived from the pure categories of the understanding. There is none, the natural science are derived from Reason. There is none, natural science is based entirely on sensory experience. 13 Which faculty is responsible for us seeing that an object is red? Intuition Reason Understanding Imagination 14 Which faculty is responsible for linking sensory experiences? Reason Imagination Understanding Intuition 15 Which faculty is responsible for asking whether God exists? Reason Understanding Imagination Intuition 16 Why is metaphysics led so easily into error? Because it can’t be verified by the senses. Because the human mind can’t attain truth. Because the world is a confusing place. Because philosophers are so hungry for fame that they will tell the public what it thinks it wants to hear. 17 In what way does Reason intervene in the understanding? By proving that the universe is infinite. By positing moral obligations. By proving that God exists. By proving that nothing can be truly known. 18 Why can’t we know whether the universe is infinite or finite? Because it is in fact infinite, but our mind is finite. Because space is a form of intuition, and not an attribute of objects themselves. Because it is finite, but we can’t travel to its edge to know for sure. Because it is both infinite and finite. 19 Which of the following is not an Idea of Reason? Causality Infinity God Liberty 20 Why is moral obligation an Idea of Reason? Because it is self-contradictory and erroneous. Because it can’t be derived from experience. Because following the moral law gives us a sense of satisfaction. Because it is more reasonable to follow moral laws than not to. 21 What does Kant mean when he says that the natural sciences are limited? They don’t answer the deeper spiritual needs of human life. There are questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. There are no questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. The human mind is finite and can’t know everything. 22 Why can’t we have a purely intellectual proof of God’s existence? Because to truly know God we would need to have sensory experience of Him. Because, though the proofs hold up, they are spiritually unsatisfying. Because God exceeds the human intellect. Because using our intellect shows us that God does not exist. 23 What is critique, according to Kant? The use of rigorous logic. Using Reason to examine Ideas of Reason for internal contradictions. Maintaining a philosophical distance from commonly held ideas. Commentary on previous philosophers, showing how they might have improved their work. 24 What is the difference between metaphysics and common sense? Common sense is more practical and useful than metaphysics. Metaphysics can be grounded as a science, common sense can’t. Common sense is often error, whereas metaphysics is correct more frequently. There is no difference. 25 What must a proper critique do, according to Kant? Examine a philosopher’s previous work. Examine a concept or idea from with respect to each faculty. Take a political stand against authority. Respond negatively to a preexisting philosophical work.