1 Which of these philosophers is a dogmatist, according to Kant? Gottfried Leibniz Plato René Descartes David Hume 2 Which of these philosophers proved that causation could not be experienced? Aristotle Thomas Aquinas Christian Wolff David Hume 3 Which of these is an a priori judgment? “This table is heavy.” ‘Some bachelors are named Richard.” “Not all books are the same size.” “2+2=4” 4 What kind of knowledge does metaphysics seek? analytic a posteriori knowledge synthetic a priori knowledge analytic a priori knowledge synthetic a posteriori knowledge 5 Which of these is an a priori, or pure, intuition? a circle gravitation God infinity 6 How is mathematics possible as a science? From the pure intuitions of time and space. By the common agreement of mathematicians. It’s not, it’s only informed conjecture. Through observation and induction. 7 Which is the definition of nature, according to Kant? the cognition of an object as being determined by a universal law organic matter like plants or trees inclination or instinct anything that isn’t human 8 Why is a subjective impression not universally valid? Because it only makes a claim about the perceiving subject. Because our senses are frequently in error. Because we can’t be sure if other people are sensing the same thing. It is—in fact, it is the only form of certainty. 9 Which of the following is not a category of relation? Quantity Causality Inherence Community 10 What is a judgment of experience? Induction from sensory experience to abstract generality. A sensory perception linked with a category of the understanding. A judgment based on memory. A judgment based on the simple facts of sensory experience. 11 What category of judgment is the statement, “This coffee is hot because it was just made?” Affirmative Modal Causal Negative 12 What is the relationship between the natural sciences and the understanding? The understanding grasps the laws inherent in things as they are. There is none, natural science is based entirely on sensory experience. There is none, the natural science are derived from Reason. The natural sciences are derived from the pure categories of the understanding. 13 Which faculty is responsible for us seeing that an object is red? Reason Intuition Understanding Imagination 14 Which faculty is responsible for linking sensory experiences? Understanding Imagination Reason Intuition 15 Which faculty is responsible for asking whether God exists? Intuition Imagination Understanding Reason 16 Why is metaphysics led so easily into error? Because it can’t be verified by the senses. Because the human mind can’t attain truth. Because philosophers are so hungry for fame that they will tell the public what it thinks it wants to hear. Because the world is a confusing place. 17 In what way does Reason intervene in the understanding? By proving that God exists. By proving that the universe is infinite. By positing moral obligations. By proving that nothing can be truly known. 18 Why can’t we know whether the universe is infinite or finite? Because space is a form of intuition, and not an attribute of objects themselves. Because it is both infinite and finite. Because it is finite, but we can’t travel to its edge to know for sure. Because it is in fact infinite, but our mind is finite. 19 Which of the following is not an Idea of Reason? Infinity Causality God Liberty 20 Why is moral obligation an Idea of Reason? Because it is more reasonable to follow moral laws than not to. Because it is self-contradictory and erroneous. Because following the moral law gives us a sense of satisfaction. Because it can’t be derived from experience. 21 What does Kant mean when he says that the natural sciences are limited? There are no questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. They don’t answer the deeper spiritual needs of human life. The human mind is finite and can’t know everything. There are questions in the natural sciences that can’t be answered. 22 Why can’t we have a purely intellectual proof of God’s existence? Because to truly know God we would need to have sensory experience of Him. Because using our intellect shows us that God does not exist. Because God exceeds the human intellect. Because, though the proofs hold up, they are spiritually unsatisfying. 23 What is critique, according to Kant? Using Reason to examine Ideas of Reason for internal contradictions. The use of rigorous logic. Commentary on previous philosophers, showing how they might have improved their work. Maintaining a philosophical distance from commonly held ideas. 24 What is the difference between metaphysics and common sense? Common sense is more practical and useful than metaphysics. Metaphysics can be grounded as a science, common sense can’t. Common sense is often error, whereas metaphysics is correct more frequently. There is no difference. 25 What must a proper critique do, according to Kant? Respond negatively to a preexisting philosophical work. Examine a philosopher’s previous work. Take a political stand against authority. Examine a concept or idea from with respect to each faculty.