Answer
Triglycerides are lipid substance with molecules composed of glycerol(3Cs) to which are attached three fatty acid molecules. which may be 4-24 carbons long. Some simple triglycerides are stearin and palmitin. Some important functions are served by triglycerides. First, they facilitate the transport of other fat molecules and blood glucose . Second, many other types of body fats are derived from them. Third, they serve as an energy store with twice the potential of carbohydrates,
at the cell wall triglycerides are decomposed into free fatty acids and glycerol by membrane lipoprotein lipase and the fatty acids are transported across the cell wall into the cell by fatty acid transport protein.. Some triglycerides are synthesized internally but there are several dietary sources that supply triglycerides or their precursors. Some foods that increase serum levels of triglycerides are foods high in saturated fats and cholesterol; fatty, red meat; poultry skin; butter and lard; high dairy products; shell fish and foods with refined carbohydrates--sugar, honey, cereals, candy, pastries, white bread, four, white rice. Cooking methods that facilitate a decrease in triglycerides are baking, boiling, roasting and stewing and grilling.
Steroids. Steroids are fat-soluble compounds with basic 17 carbon molecules arranged in four rings. Examples of common steroids are sterols (cholesterol), bile acids, adrenal hormones, anabolic steroids, corticosteroids, mineralocrticosteroids,
Cholesterol is probably the most importantan of steroids ; it is the most important structural molecule of brain tissue and is the basis for synthesis of all other steroids. Anabolic steroids are important for building muscle mass; bile acids funtion in the emulsification and digestion and absorption of fats; Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) promotes energy metabolism; androsteindione
has roles in protein synthesis and RBC development and hydrocortisone aids in processing of sugars; gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism and glucose utilization. Steroids are synthesized in the body but their are several dietary sources : soy, asparagus, avacoda, figs, bananas, olive oil, mackerel, tuna, wild oats and fava beans.
Phospholipids: This is a class of lipids that is a major compoment of cell membranes The molecules are amphiphatic with a hydrophobic fatty acid tail and a phosphate hydrophilic head.The five common types of phospholipids are phosphotidylserine, phosphotidylcholine, phosphotidylethanolamine(lethicin), phosphotidylinositol, and phosphotidylsphingomyelin.
Phospholipids are important as precursors of arachidonic acid, in nervous system functions, in the structures of cell membranes, source of some B vitamins , as acetylcholine precursor.
Lipoproteins are aggregates of particles with the following structure; There s a single layer of phospholipid molecules on the outside surrounding a central core. the inner layer of the structure is non-polar and therefore is hydrophobic. Aliprotein particles are embedded all around the lipoprotein units; these help to emulsify fats.. Lipoproten serve several important functions such as the emulsification of fats, transport of proteins and cholesterol.Several plasma lipoproten are very important in the promotion of cardiovasvular disease, atherosclerosis; these are ultra low density lipoprotein(ULDL); very low density lipoprotein(VLDL); low density lipoprotein(LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL). High density lipoproteins protect against cardiovascular diseases.
Eicanosoids are signalling molecules that are derived from arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eicanosoids and other oxylipins are not stored in the body but are secreted as needed. They act as autocrine agents that are secreted by bound in and affect the same cell. Paracrine eicanosoids affect neighboring cells and intracrine agents act intracellularly but through nuclear receptors. Prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes, and leucotrienes are the most well-known eicanosoids. The affect infammatory processes, affect tissue growth, control some reproductive processes and regulate the sleep-wake cycle.. Dietary sources of eicasonoid precursors are beef, chicken, eggs, turkey, tuna, lamb and fatty meats
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Research has shown that diets rich in sources of essential fatty acids ( linoleic and gamma-linolenic)
promote better cadiovascular health, improved cancer protection, optimal brain and vision functions, and decrease in morbidity due to hypertension.
