Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 14e with Atlas of the Skeleton Set (14th Edition)

Published by Wiley
ISBN 10: 1-11877-456-6
ISBN 13: 978-1-11877-456-4

Chapter 22 - The Lymphatic System and Immunity - Figure 22.15 - Page 821: 1

Answer

The following are the signals of T cell activation: first is the binding of the antigen to the to the T cell receptor (TCR).

Work Step by Step

A second signal is costimulation. This can be carried out by about 20 different types of molecules , some of which are cytokines . Some plasma membrane molecules can also act as co-stimulators. These latter molecules act in pairs : one molecule of the pair binds to the T cell, while the other attaches to the APC cell. This enables the two cells to stick together for a period of time.
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