Answer
Sam has been exercising vigorously and he has lost an extraordinary amount of body fluids. The processes responsible for this are the following:
1. Increased loss of water by evaporation of sweat from the surface of the skin
2. Loss of water as water vapor in expired air. This level would be abnormally high because of the increased respiratory rate ( and depth) associated with
vigorous physical activity..
3. Some water would also have been lost insensibly from mucous linings of the oral cavity and the respiratory tract.
Sam's. kidneys will try to conserve water and sodium ; as a result Sam's output of urine will decrease, temporarily
Work Step by Step
Sam would be well-advised to increase his intake of fluids above his normal level.
Adult normal respiratory rate 12-20 /min
Tachypnea --faster than normal rate of breathing
Bradypnea--slower than normal rate of breathing
