Answer
See explanation
Work Step by Step
a. Molecule versus ion:
Molecule: A molecule is a chemical compound composed of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded together. Molecules can be composed of atoms of the same element (e.g., O₂) or different elements (e.g., H₂O).
Ion: An ion is an atom or a molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net electric charge. If an atom loses electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion (cation), and if it gains electrons, it becomes a negatively charged ion (anion).
b. Covalent bonding versus ionic bonding:
Covalent bonding: Covalent bonding occurs when atoms share electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration. It typically happens between nonmetals and results in the formation of molecules.
Ionic bonding: Ionic bonding occurs when atoms transfer electrons to each other, resulting in the formation of ions. It typically happens between a metal and a nonmetal and leads to the formation of ionic compounds.
c. Molecule versus compound:
Molecule: As explained above, a molecule is a chemical compound composed of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded together.
Compound: A compound is a substance composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together. Compounds can be molecules (covalent bonding) or ionic compounds (ionic bonding).
d. Anion versus cation:
Anion: An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.
Cation: A cation is a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.
