Answer
In a) all carbons are sp3 hybridized. in b) all carbons with double CC bonds are sp2 hybridized, the rest are sp3 hybridized. in c) the carbons with double CC bonds are sp2 hybridized and the carbons with triple bonds are sp hybridized. in d) the methyl carbon is sp3 hybridized and the carboxylic acid carbon is sp2 hybridized.
Work Step by Step
Any carbon with only single bonds are sp3hybridized. If a carbon has a one double bond it is sp2 hybridized. If a carbon has 2 double bonds or 1 triple bond it is sp hybridized.
