Answer
When storm waves strike an undeveloped barrier island, several significant processes occur. The powerful waves carry substantial energy, leading to erosion of the beach and dunes on the barrier island. Sand and sediment are removed from the beach, causing erosion.
Strong storm waves can wash over the narrow strip of the barrier island, a phenomenon known as overwash, which transports sand and sediment to the landward side. In severe storms, breaches can form in the barrier island, connecting the ocean with the bay or lagoon behind it, significantly altering the island's shape and hydrology.
Coastal vegetation can also be uprooted and damaged by the powerful waves and storm surge, contributing to beach erosion and dune destabilization.
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