Answer
Short Timescale Effects: Storm surges and tidal fluctuations can cause temporary changes in sea level. Storm surges occur during intense storms, pushing water inland and causing coastal flooding. Tidal fluctuations occur daily due to gravitational forces from the Moon and the Sun, leading to regular changes in sea level along coastlines.
Long Timescale Effects: Over geologic timescales, sea levels can rise or fall due to climate change and tectonic activity. During ice ages, when glaciers form and store water as ice, sea levels drop. Conversely, during interglacial periods, when glaciers melt and release water, sea levels rise. Human-induced climate change is currently causing a rise in global sea levels due to the melting of polar ice caps and thermal expansion of seawater.
Work Step by Step
$\textbf{Short Timescale Effects}$
Storm surges and tidal fluctuations can cause temporary changes in sea level. Storm surges occur during intense storms, pushing water inland and causing coastal flooding. Tidal fluctuations occur daily due to gravitational forces from the Moon and the Sun, leading to regular changes in sea level along coastlines.
$\textbf{Long Timescale Effects}$
Over geologic timescales, sea levels can rise or fall due to climate change and tectonic activity. During ice ages, when glaciers form and store water as ice, sea levels drop. Conversely, during interglacial periods, when glaciers melt and release water, sea levels rise. Human-induced climate change is currently causing a rise in global sea levels due to the melting of polar ice caps and thermal expansion of seawater.
