1 Finish this sentence: "we will also see that the imprints from the past can be transformed by having __ that directly contradict the helplessness, rage, and collapse that are part of trauma, and thereby regaining self-mastery." emotional experiences physical experiences theater workshops psychoanalytic talk therapy sessions 2 Which population did van der Kolk work with at the beginning of his career? teenagers suffering from depression troubled children sexual assault survivors combat veterans 3 What did van der Kolk and his colleagues determine about trauma through the use of Rorschach ink blot tests in the study on nightmares? Most people see whimsical images. Traumatized people have a tendency to superimpose their trauma on everything. Most people just see ink blots. Most people see ordinary images. 4 Define "superimpose." To make an unusual physical pose with one's body To place one thing over another, typically so that both are visible To not allow two things to come together To layer two things so that the bottom layer becomes invisible 5 What does van der Kolk recall being surprised by while working as an attendant on a research ward at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center? The patients always willingly shared about past traumatic experiences at any time of the day or night. He never heard doctors discuss the patients' stories of abuse during care meetings. The patients and doctors largely ignored ward attendants. He heard doctors empathetically discuss the plights of their patients. 6 Early in his career, what did van der Kolk eagerly embrace as the surefire way to conquer human misery? Embodied Therapies Talk Therapy Psychopharmacology Psychoanalysis 7 What opened van der Kolk's mind to the possibility of somatic therapy? Clinical practice only A revelatory dream Apart from his clinical practice, learning about learned helplessness and how to resolve it in a presentation given by Steven Maier Changing therapeutic guidelines and a widespread cultural shift in how trauma should be treated 8 What should the stress hormone system ideally do? Respond more to imagination than to reality Never change from initial priming Wait for the rational prefrontal cortex to pass judgement on a potential threat Provide a lightning-fast response to threat, but then quickly return us to equilibrium 9 What did innovative technologies like neuroimaging do for trauma research? Cause people to pass out in response to metacognition Prove that talk therapy is the pinnacle of treatment Map brain changes and validate treatment approaches Prove that psychopharmacology is the pinnacle of treatment 10 The study van der Kolk conducted at the VA started out as research about nightmares but ended up exploring how trauma changes people’s ___. perceptions and imagination relationships experience of time memory 11 Van der Kolk uses which word to describe how trauma is not just a past event, but an ongoing experience? Superimpose Memory Imprint Ghost 12 Which of the following did van der Kolk not notice in the patients while working as a recreation leader at MMHC? The patients often shared midnight confessions The patients' were strikingly clumsy and physically uncoordinated The patients' most relaxed conversations seemed stilted, lacking the natural flow of gestures and facial expressions that are typical among friends Their hallucinations were simply signs of how disturbed they were 13 Which reveals the power imbalance between doctors and patients? "I always felt sad at the end of these meetings, knowing that the treatments that would be administered the following morning would erase all memory of our conversation." "the job of therapists is to help people 'acknowledge, experience, and bear' the reality of life—with all its pleasures and heartbreak" "I was surprised and alarmed by the satisfaction I sometimes felt after I’d wrestled a patient to the floor so a nurse could give an injection" "Trauma is held in people’s bodies." 14 What core factor changes the way that medicine approaches human suffering? empathy the technology available at any given time the doctor's mood food and nutrition 15 What is the amygdala? a cluster of brain cells that determines whether a sound, image, or body sensation is perceived as a threat a part of the brain that is involved in many higher-order cognitive processes such as decision making, reasoning, and personality expression, and social cognition a relay station of all incoming motor (movement) and sensory information a low part of the brain that controls vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure 16 What else does van der Kolk write that pharmaceutical interventions do apart from provide a tool beyond talk therapy? Produce income and profits for pharmaceutical companies Increase empathy Provide community resources for patients Solve trauma 17 Why does van der Kolk ultimately state that the drug revolution in psychiatry did as much harm as good? They contribute to addiction. They are a root-cause solution. Van der Kolk is actually indifferent. Pharmaceuticals have potentially harmful side effects and they do not address underlying issues. 18 What value does van der Kolk convey when he says, "The brain-disease model takes control over people’s fate out of their own hands and puts doctors and insurance companies in charge of fixing their problems." Control over his patients Scientific recognition Human agency Reaping profits 19 What is Broca's area? a region of the brain concerned with speech production and language processing a low part of the brain that controls vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure a part of the brain that is involved in many higher-order cognitive processes such as decision making, reasoning, personality expression, and social cognition a cluster of brain cells that determines whether a sound, image, or body sensation is perceived as a threat 20 What happens to Broca's area in traumatized individuals? It becomes hyperactive It becomes permanently damaged Trauma strengthens it over time Trauma can temporarily impair its function 21 Which Shakespeare play does van der Kolk mention with regard to "speechless terror"? A Midsummer Night's Dream Romeo and Juliet Hamlet Macbeth 22 Which hormones are critical in the fight/flight response? Estrogen, testesterone, and progesterone Growth hormone, melatonin Insulin, thyroid hormones Adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol 23 What does trauma do to a person's stress response? Prime them to handle stress better than other people. None Cause them to always shut down in response to stress Cause that person's hormones to take longer to return to baseline as well as spike quickly and disproportionately in response to mildly stressful stimuli 24 Which quote demonstrates why van der Kolk believes that talk therapy alone is ineffective? "We can also make a strong case that Marsha is hypersensitized to her memories of the past and that the best treatment would be some form of desensitization." "the rational brain is basically impotent to talk the emotional brain out of its own reality." "I am continually impressed by how difficult it is for people who have gone through the unspeakable to convey the essence of their experience." "For a hundred years or more, every textbook of psychology and psychotherapy has advised that some method of talking about distressing feelings can resolve them." 25 At the end of Part One, what harmful effect of trauma does van der Kolk describe? Trauma can cause depersonlization. Some traumatized people cannot "be 'here'—fully alive in the present." Trauma impairs relationships. Trauma lowers self-esteem.
