Historical Accuracy
The author commences his history with a focus and goal in mind: “the accuracy of the report being always tried by the most severe and detailed tests possible.” Thucydides expressly sets out to avoid the lapses and pitfalls in the famous histories written by Herodotus which is marred by a reliance upon what would be legally termed “hearsay” at the very best. Also notable is the author’s concerted attempt to avoid introducing elements of myths and superstition; the text was one of the first in Greek history to jettison references to gods and miracles as events worthy of historical consideration.
The Psychological Effects of War
One of the most notable themes that Thucydides explores in his history of war is the psychological effect that the battlefield has on the mindset of those in battle. The scars left behind after the bloody aftermath of warfare is revealed to have what might be termed mind-altering effects. The implication of war is a transformation of the mind and its attendant view upon future events. What is experienced in the past has a transformative effect on what is acceptable in the future. This theme is exemplified by the ruthlessness with which the Athenians essentially annihilated the entire Melian civilization in what the victors claimed was an exhibition of honor which saved their opponent from the disgrace of trying to remain neutral.
The Spirit of Oratory Over the Letter
Interestingly, the most famous and well-received sections of his text is one where Thucydides actually admits to lowering the standard for his pursuit of historical accuracy. “The Funeral Oration of Pericles” is arguably considered the single finest piece of literature to be found in the entire collection of volumes comprising his history, yet Thucydides admits himself that it—like the other speeches contained within—had to be recreated by him (from memory of his own attendance at the event) since no written record of the transcript of the actual speeches existed. The theme being manifested here is one that continues to this day in which historical documentarians often prefer to offer the spirit of oratory rather than a word-for-word transcription.
