Ghisu and Madhav would make great ascetics (Situational Irony)
The narrator states that "[i]f only the two had been ascetics, then they wouldn't have needed any exercises in self-discipline to achieve contentment and patience." The statement is a subtle, tongue-in-cheek example of situational irony because it humorously points out the contrast between Ghisu and Madhav's intentions and the results of their actions.
Ascetics are people who practice strict self-discipline, typically for spiritual or religious purposes. They often reject worldly pleasures and live extremely simply, with few possessions. In a way, Ghisu and Madhav have already achieved this state of living without intending to. In fact, their intentions seem to be the opposite of purity or enlightenment.
Madhav is making his father's pious name even more radiant (Verbal Irony)
The narrator describes Ghisu as pious. Moreover, he describes Madhav as a "dutiful" son who is not only following in his father's footsteps, but even making his name "more radiant." This is an example of verbal irony because the text's intended meaning is the opposite of its stated meaning. Pious is a term that usually describes deep religious devotion. But in this case, the term is used sarcastically, since Ghisu is devoted not to worship or God but rather to his own 'religion' of living freely, doing whatever he wants, and not being a slave to anyone. Similarly, by being an even better slacker than his father, Madhav is in reality only giving Ghisu an even worse reputation than the one he already had.
The Shroud (Situational Irony)
The shroud itself is an ironic symbol that structures this story in which irony is a central element. Ghisu and Madhav's fellow villagers donate money so that the men can buy a shroud and give Budhiya a respectful funeral. Yet their donations only lead to the opposite result: Ghisu and Madhav spend the money on food and alcohol. They continue to disrespect Budhiya, presumably leaving her without a proper shroud.
