Domestic violence
The main protagonist, Aomame, is an assassin of sorts and her boss, The Dowager, gives her the tasks of killing perpetrators of domestic violence and abuse. Aomame’s target is the head of the cult, Leader, whose group is known to molest young girls. In order to target these types of individuals, Aomame offers herself up for bait by dressing promiscuously and getting their attention, which often makes her feel at odds with what she stands for.
Religion
Religion is portrayed as being an oppressive force in the novel, most predominantly through the role of Leader, who is the founder of the Sakigake cult. He targets the young Tsubasa and sexually assaults her, by manipulating her parents into joining the cult. He is depicted as being a cruel and cold man, who uses religion to satisfy his own purposes.
Reality
In the novel, reality has become warped and Aomame’s outlook on what is real and what is false becomes blurred. For example, she begins to forget major events occurring in everyday life and she begins to see things that are not there. The alternative reality that she occupies is known as "1Q84."
