The Jihadists
After destroying the armies and rulers in his kingdom using a jihadist movement, Paul becomes the new emperor. Even after rising to power, Paul realizes that the Jihadists are still killing millions of people, which prompts him to disband the group. Ironically, Paul fails to disband the jihadist group because it no longer recognizes him as its leader. The reader finds it ironic that when Paul is at the helm of power, he cannot stop the careless killings caused by the jihadists in his territory.
Paul dining with enemies
Paul is the current emperor in his territory and works closely with Guild, Tleilaxu, and Gesserit. These people are secretly plotting to destroy and remove Paul from power. In this case, the author creates a dramatic irony because readers know that Paul is working with his adversaries without his knowledge. Fortunately, Paul finally discovers the plot and survives the attempted murder by a whisker.
Alia’s decision to spare Princess Irulan
After Paul discovers that he has lost his prescient power, he hands over his power to his sister Alia. Alia starts her rule by destroying all people who plotted to kill Paul. Princess Irulan is among the people who worked so hard to remove Paul from power. Ironically, Alia kills all the people behind the scheme except Princess Irulan. Besides plotting to kill Paul, Princess Irulan had initially interfered with Chani's diet to ensure she did not get pregnant with Paul. The reader expects the first person Alia should destroy is Princess Irulan, but she does the contrary.
