Snowpiercer Bong Joon-ho

Snowpiercer (Korean: 설국열차; Hanja: 雪國列車; RR: Seolgungnyeolcha) is a 2013 post-apocalyptic action thriller film based on the French climate fiction graphic novel Le Transperceneige by Jacques Lob, Benjamin Legrand and Jean-Marc Rochette.[10] The film was directed by Bong Joon-ho[11][12] and written by Bong and Kelly Masterson. An international co-production, the film marks Bong's English-language debut; almost 85% of the film's dialogue is in English.[13][14]

The film stars Chris Evans, Song Kang-ho, Tilda Swinton, Jamie Bell, Octavia Spencer, Go Ah-sung, John Hurt, and Ed Harris. It takes place aboard the Snowpiercer train as it travels a globe-encircling track, carrying the last remnants of humanity after a failed attempt at climate engineering to stop global warming has created a new Snowball Earth. Evans stars as Curtis Everett, leader of the lower-class tail-section passengers, as they rebel against the elite of the front of the train. Filming took place at Barrandov Studios in Prague, using train car sets mounted on gimbals to simulate the train's motion.

Snowpiercer received critical acclaim and appeared on many film critics' top ten lists of 2014 after its international release, with praise for its vision, direction, and performances, particularly by Evans and Swinton. In the United States, the film was initially planned for a limited-screen showing but the critical response prompted The Weinstein Company to expand the showing to more theaters and to digital streaming services. With a budget of $40 million, it remains one of the most expensive South Korean productions ever.[15][16] The fourth volume of the original Snowpiercer graphic novel series, Snowpiercer: Terminus, published 2019, serves as a sequel of the film, establishing it as being set in the same continuity as the original graphic novels.

In 2014, an attempt to stop climate change via stratospheric aerosol injection catastrophically backfires, creating a new ice age that destroys much of life on Earth. For 17 years, the remnants of humanity shelter in a state-of-the-art self-sustaining circumnavigational train, the Snowpiercer, run by reclusive transportation magnate Wilford. The passengers on the train are segregated, with the elite in the extravagant front cars and the poor crammed into squalid tail compartments overseen by armed guards.

Urged by his mentor Gilliam, Curtis Everett and his second-in-command, Edgar, lead the tail passengers in a revolt. They free Namgoong Minsoo, a captive security specialist. For his assistance, they bribe him with Kronole, an addictive drug made from industrial waste. Namgoong also insists that his clairvoyant daughter, Yona, be freed. Namgoong helps the tail mob progress, but they face guards armed with melee weapons, overseen by Minister Mason. Edgar is held hostage, but Curtis sacrifices him to capture Mason, forcing her to order the remaining guards to surrender while Edgar is killed. The tail mob stays back, holding the guards captive, while Curtis takes Mason, Namgoong, Yona, skilled fighter Grey, and Tanya and Andrew (two parents who had their children taken from them) towards the front of the train.

Curtis's group travels through several opulent cars. Namgoong and Yona recognize a landmark outside and speculate that the ice may be thawing. The group reaches a schoolroom, where a teacher is indoctrinating the children on Wilford's greatness. A bald man brings eggs for the children to celebrate the train's eighteenth circumnavigation of the Earth. Then the bald man goes to the tail army and shoots them with automatic firearms hidden under the eggs. The captured guards are freed, as is Mason's henchman Franco. The teacher, who received a gun from the bald man, kills Andrew before Grey kills her. Franco broadcasts to the classroom his execution of Gilliam, which prompts Curtis to execute Mason in turn. Curtis's group moves on, but Franco catches up with them, killing Grey and Tanya. Franco is then seemingly killed by Curtis and Namgoong.

In the last compartment before the engine, Namgoong reveals that the reason he collected the Kronole was to use it as an explosive to escape the train with Yona, believing they can now survive outside. Curtis explains that in the early days of the train, the tail section resorted to cannibalism. Edgar was an infant when Curtis killed his mother, and Curtis was going to eat him when Gilliam offered his severed arm instead, stopping the bloodshed. Curtis wants to confront Wilford for causing such horrors. Wilford's assistant, Claude, emerges from behind the engine room door to invite Curtis inside.

Curtis meets Wilford and, to his shock, learns that he and Gilliam conspired to stage Curtis's rebellion to reduce the tail section's population to sustainable levels. After ordering the execution of most of the tail section residents, Wilford offers Curtis his position leading the train. Curtis appears ready to accept as Yona overpowers Claude, rushes in, and asks for a match. In desperation she pulls open a floorboard to reveal Tanya's son, Timmy, working the engine as a replacement for a broken machine part, taken from his mother to be a slave. Appalled, Curtis beats up Wilford and rescues Timmy from the machinery, though he loses his arm in the process. Andy, Andrew's missing son, crawls out of a nook and climbs into the engine core despite Curtis's pleas. Curtis gives Yona the match to light the fuse for the Kronole bomb, while Namgoong fights and kills Franco, who followed them. Damaged by the fighting, the door to the engine room cannot be closed, forcing Curtis and Namgoong to use their bodies to protect Yona and Timmy from the blast.

The explosion triggers an avalanche that derails and wrecks the train. Curtis and Namgoong are unresponsive, so Yona and Timmy escape the wreckage. They see a polar bear in the distance, indicating that life exists outside the train.

• Chris Evans as Curtis Everett The leader of the revolution.[17][18][19] About the character of Curtis, Evans said, "I mean, for me, the tail section is, I think that's Curtis. I think that's who he is. The tail section is hard; it's grinding; it's tough; it's real. So that's where I had the most fun. Back there."[20] Casting directors suggested Evans to Bong, who initially had misconceptions of Evans before they met due to the "caricature of the American all muscle", but quickly departed from that notion and described Evans as "actually very sensitive and has a quiet and introverted side. He's a very, very smart person, and he's a director."[21] Bong was introduced to the films Puncture and Sunshine where he described Evans's performances as showing his "sensitive acting abilities". Bong and Evans spent months talking about the dialogue, and Bong received help from the cast and crew including Evans due to it being his first English language film.[22] Bong said that for the role of Curtis, hiding Evans's muscular physique was the most difficult thing about working with the actor, explaining, "He's supposed to be in the poor tail section for 17 years, eating only protein blocks, and it was tricky to hide all of that muscle mass with costume and make-up."[23] On whether he was surprised by the fan response, Evans said, "I've been surprised about everything about this movie. Every movie you make, you hope people will enjoy it, but this movie has surpassed all of my expectations across the board."[24][25]
• Song Kang-ho as Namgoong Minsoo The specialist who designed the security features on the train.[17][18][19] On taking the role, Song said, "This was the third time I worked with director Bong, and working with director Bong is a wonderful experience.... [T]his time around, working with the wonderful cast members was a tremendous experience."[26][27] Describing Namgoong, Bong said, "He sets up the ending, because he has a vision about this world that's different from Curtis's. He has a desire to go outside of the train."[28] On the name of the character, Bong stated, "I was looking for a name that would be most difficult for foreigners to pronounce. Namgoong ... it is difficult. There are some name-related jokes in the film."[29] Song plays a character who only speaks Korean, and although as difficult as it was, he said, "at the same time, it was very refreshing and fun to do".[26]
• Ed Harris as Wilford The creator and caretaker of the engine.[17][18] Dustin Hoffman was considered for the role.[30] About the character, Harris said, "He's so built up, who this guy is, and then there's this big thing open, and he's just this old guy making dinner with his robe on, but director Bong really wanted him to be matter-of-fact and very mundane, and simple, and kind of freaky that way."[31] Harris also added that the character is "probably a coagulation of various folks".[31] The role of Wilford was the last to be cast, and it was friend and fellow filmmaker Park Chan-Wook who suggested Harris for the role.[32] Bong stated that Wilford needed to be played by someone with "tremendous presence and performance from the first moment that he appeared in order to convince the audience", adding that "[Harris] turned Wilford into a lively and ironic character with added appeal."[19] On taking the role of Wilford, Harris mentioned, "When I was sent this script, I was told director Bong is a Korean director, and that he'd made some other films, but I had never seen any of them ... I thought they were wonderfully accomplished films, which really made me want to work with the guy. I'm a big fan of his."[33] Harris praised Bong very highly, especially his tendency of editing the piece whilst shooting.[33] Since the film's release, Bong has revealed background information about the character, such as Wilford being bisexual, "He slept with Claude, the Egghead, Mason, and the pregnant teacher. Yet, his 'the One' is the Engine."[34] Tyler John Williams portrays a young Wilford.[35]
• John Hurt as Gilliam The spiritual leader of the tail section.[17][18] Bong first saw Hurt in The Elephant Man while at middle-school, which made him curious about the actor; for the part of Gilliam he wanted an older actor, though one with the ability to "exude the ambience of spirituality".[19] On the character of Gilliam, Hurt said, "He is certainly shadowy, but he is shadowy for a reason. Even though I still am not entirely certain what the reason is," adding, "as far as Gilliam is concerned, he believes in the status quo, but he also sees himself as a true humanitarian. I mean he has literally given his limbs to these people."[36] Hurt stated that the role of Gilliam was physically challenging one at that, because "the fact that I had one leg strapped behind me, trying to stagger around on those not very easy-to-use crutches... and having to make it look like as though I'd been doing it for years."[37] He too acknowledged Bong's encouragement of collaboration in allowing the cast and crew to "interpret things as we want, as we see fit" as well as adding pointers to the act.[36] Hurt said of Bong, "I just fell in love with him. He was wonderful. I hadn't seen anything. I hadn't seen Mother or anything, which I immediately did when I got home. I went, 'Wow, that's the chap I was talking to.' Thank God instinct has left me completely. I adored him then, I adored him ever since."[38][39] as well as previously adding, "He is quite different but technically, he is as clever as Hitchcock. That's saying something.... He is one of the best directors I've worked with. I absolutely adore working with him."[40]
• Tilda Swinton as Minister Mason Wilford's right hand, the second in command on the train and the spokesperson for Wilford for the past 17 years.[19][17][18] About the character, Swinton said, "Mason is a pretty monstrous construct so we felt we were dealing with extremes, but the truth was that we didn't have to go that far. Look at Hitler with his dyed black hair and Gaddafi with handmade medals stuck on his jacket."[7] Swinton prepared for the role by studying clowning politicians throughout history, and Mason is, in Swinton's words, "a complete smash cut of all the monstrous, maniacal, political clowns". Swinton added that the character is a mix of Margaret Thatcher, Colonel Gaddafi, Adolf Hitler, and Silvio Berlusconi.[41][42] The Yorkshire accent Swinton uses is based on someone from her early life who had the accent and to her, "was an early example of authority".[7] Tilda and Bong met at the Cannes Film Festival when We Need to Talk About Kevin played and both wanted to work together. In one original scenario, Mason was a middle-aged man and first mentioned as "peaceful", so Bong changed it and offered it to Swinton. Bong added, "I originally talked to John C. Reilly about playing Mason."[43][44] On Mason's appearance, Bong stated, "Tilda actually wanted to take the look further and I had to pull her back. She at the time really wanted to transform herself and look different than she ever looked before. I was all for it. Obviously, there was something that started the whole look." Additionally, Swinton stated, "As we were playing, we had these ideas, like fantastic pendulous breasts... And Jamie Bell loved wearing them of course. We have a picture of him. Our crew picture involves [Bell] wearing Mason's breasts."[45][46] Bong was inspired by a photo Ondřej Nekvasil found of a lady inside the National Museum of Natural History, and he showed the image to Tilda who "loved it".[47][48] The appearance of Mason was based on Roxie Collie Laybourne.[49]
• Jamie Bell as Edgar Curtis's second-in-command.[19][17][18] On taking the role, Bell said, "The reason why I wanted to be a part of the film was because of what Director Bong had to say about it; it was his vision that he brought to the table and I thought what it stood for was important to me."[50] When asked of performances that were interpreted differently onscreen from the screenplay, writer Masterson stated, "[Bell] is very impish and mischievous as Edgar, which I didn't predict from his character. That might just be Jamie."[51] and of his performance, "I think [Bell]'s performance, a lot of it is improvised, and quite brilliantly."[52] On relating to the character, Bell said, "You know, I come from a very working-class background myself. There was the sense that I had to overcome something and really test myself. So, in a way Edgar is very similar, he genuinely doesn't have anything and he's the lowest of the low of these people."[50]
• Octavia Spencer as Tanya A determined mother who is set on getting her son back.[17][18] Despite not possessing the qualities of a fighter, she nonetheless takes part in the rebellion and speaks for the people of the tail section.[19] The film marks Spencer's first time working in the science-fiction genre. Spencer described Bong as "an auteur" and expressed sadness at the studio's proposal to cut the film.[53] On imagery from the history base of references, Bong said, "When [Spencer]'s character is being beaten by the soldier, it's meant to remind people, somewhat, of the Rodney King incident."[28] On the message of the film, Spencer said, "We are all covered in smoke and dirt from years and years of not washing and particles in the air, and we are all the same color if you look at it."[28]
• Ewen Bremner as Andrew A helpless father whose only wish is to protect his son.[17][18][54] On taking the role, Bremner said, "I watched director Bong's film Mother which I was really knocked out by. He has a much adventurous sense of a character and he's a rare director in his route to cast actors that he really likes."[19] Despite the weak and frail imagery of the character of Andrew, Bong needed an actor who was able to convey the raw emotion of the character to the audience directly.[19] Bong became a fan of Bremner's after watching his appearance in Naked. On Bremner, Bong said, "He would become an actor like Byun Hee-bong one day."[19]
• Go Ah-sung (credited as Ko Asung) as Namgoong Yona The 17-year-old daughter of Namgoong Minsoo.[17][18] On taking the role, Go said, "It was like going back to where it all started. Director Bong gave instructions and Mr. Song gave me advice or guidance, so it felt like I had returned to being on my first film, The Host."[19] About her character's name, Go said, "[Bong] couldn't think of any name for Yona; he just left her as "The Inuit Girl".[26] I gave him Nastyona's album, and he went "This is it!" adding, "It also matches the Biblical figure Jonah [pronounced Yona in some languages, including Korean] and had a right feel to it." She added that she spoke with a mixed accent of the United States, Philippines and India, and spoke to fellow cast member Ewen Bremner for advice on her English pronunciation.[55] Go described Yona as being, "someone who was completely indifferent to Minsoo's ambition. Even if she knew, she wouldn't have cared."[56] Of Yona's background, Bong revealed, "Yona's mother was the leader of the Frozen Seven's revolution—because she was an Inuit. She was confident that she could endure the coldness. However, she went out too early."[57]
• Alison Pill as Teacher Found teaching a classroom of young students, towards the front of the Snowpiercer.[58][59]
• Vlad Ivanov as Franco the Elder A seemingly indestructible henchman working for Minister Mason.[60][61]
• Luke Pasqualino as Grey Gilliam's bodyguard, a muscular, agile, fast-moving warrior who is handy with knives.[62][63] On taking the role of Grey, Pasqualino said, "I got to work with a dream cast and [Bong] who I think is frankly a genius. I feel very lucky and privileged to be given the opportunity".[64] Grey has various tattoos on his body, each seeming having a specific story, including Gilliam's name tattooed on the heart side of his chest.[63][65] After the film's release Bong revealed background information, "There are homosexual relationships among the men. Gilliam and Grey seem like a couple with a large age gap. Gilliam is someone whom Grey admires deeply, of course, but one could imagine they sleep together too. And Gilliam sends Grey to Curtis."[34]

Additionally, Adnan Hasković as Franco the Younger, an executor of the army led by Mason;[66][67] Clark Middleton as the Painter, who is often seen drawing other passengers or key events visually chronicling underclass life and death;[68] Emma Levie as Claude, Wilford's assistant who may have a relationship with Wilford;[69][70][71][72][73] Tómas Lemarquis as Egg-head, one of Wilford's agents that aids in the New Year celebration massacre;[74][75] Steve Park as Fuyu, a regimented assistant to Mason;[76][77] and Paul Lazar as Paul, one of the rebels in Curtis's army who makes the protein blocks.[78][79] The creators of the graphic novel, Jean-Marc Rochette and Benjamin Legrand, have cameo appearances in the film.[80][81][82]

Development

When I first came across Transperceneige, the first thing that grabbed my attention was the unique cinematic space of a train. Hundreds of metal pieces moving like a snake carrying people squirming inside gripped my heart. And the people were fighting against each other. They were not equal in this Noah's ark that held the last survivors as they were divided into cars.

In the winter of 2005, Bong found Jean-Marc Rochette's French graphic novel series Le Transperceneige at a comic book shop near Hongik University and finished reading the entire series while standing in front of the bookshelf where he found it.[84][85] He was fascinated by ideas of people struggling on the train for survival, and how every section is classified in social stratification. Bong showed the series to his friends, fellow director Park Chan-wook and producer Lee Tae-hun, who loved it as well.[86] Although Bong praised the original graphic novel, he soon realized that a film like Snowpiercer needed an original take. Bong stated, "... I had to come up with a completely new story and new characters in order to create a new, dynamic Snowpiercer that was packed with cinematic exhilaration."[87]

In the following year, Park's production company Moho Film acquired the copyrights to the original story of Snowpiercer for Bong, and in 2007 the copyrights to the story extended. The first draft of the screenplay for Snowpiercer was completed on 15 September 2010, and in December, the second draft of screenplay was completed and modified.[88] On 4 October 2010, Bong, whilst at the Vancouver International Film Festival, had initially entertained the idea of shooting the film in Canada due to it having "... a great infrastructure for filmmaking, and Korean expatriates are involved in the film industry a lot."[88] Bong wanted a film studio with a 75- to 100-meter-long space to fill with four train cars connected together. The production team travelled to Europe for studio scouting and ended up with two studio choices: Barrandov Studios in Czech Republic and Korda Studios in Hungary. In August 2011, a Czech producer hired by the production team began negotiations with two film studios for availability; Barrandov Studios was eventually chosen as the film studio and production service provider of Snowpiercer.[89][90]

On 18 January 2012, Kelly Masterson was hired to rewrite the script before it went into production due to Bong seeing his screenplay work on Before the Devil Knows You're Dead and being impressed with the tonality of darkness and acuity in the story.[91][92] Bong and Masterson had originally envisioned a romantic story for the protagonist; however they jettisoned that idea in subsequent drafts of the screenplay.[93] On 8 October 2013, at the Busan International Film Festival, Bong acknowledged the challenges in adapting such a story to fit the apparent constraints of cinema, to which had to omit certain scenes from the graphic novel, "... I had to capture that long story in a two-hour film, so rather than cut out some scenes from the comic, I just rewrote the whole story to fit this time frame."[94][95]

On 13 January 2012, Chris Evans began negotiations to star in the film adaptation, and was later confirmed as the film's male lead.[96] On 17 January 2012, Tilda Swinton and Jamie Bell were confirmed to be in talks to join the project.[97] Swinton first met Bong at the Cannes Film Festival, where she was of the mind that she did not want to make any other films, a decision she takes after each film: "And that one (and only) condition in which I will make another film is that I will have some fun.[98] So we started to play with the idea of what would amuse us about this." Bong and Swinton experimented with voices, mannerisms and the general appearance of the character of Mason.[99] On 18 January 2012, John Hurt was confirmed to have been cast, with Hurt stating, "All the film crew refer to [Bong], with great reverence, as 'Director Bong'. I love the fact that I am working for Director Bong."[100] On 2 February 2012, Octavia Spencer had joined the cast of Bong's project in the role of a "passenger on the train who joins the revolt in order to save her son."[101] Ed Harris spoke of his love of Bong Joon-ho's films and wanted to work with him, "I want to do this. I don't care what he's asking me to do because he's a really great filmmaker."[102] On 27 February 2012, Ewen Bremner had joined the cast of Bong's film.[103][104][105] On 3 April 2012, Luke Pasqualino was confirmed to have joined the cast.[106][107]

Bong states that it took four years to develop the project, with an additional three to produce with Park.[22] Stating, "Today, I feel I have overcome a terrible disease, like cancer cells had occupied my body during that time," as well as expressing an interest in making smaller films in the future.[108] The film's production countries include the Czech Republic, France, South Korea, and the United States.

Filming

In August 2011, the studio was determined as the shooting location, and in October 2011, Bong and his production team moved to the Czech Republic.[109][110][111] During the period of November 2011 to April 2012, the key members of the crew were secured and confirmed, those being: Ondřej Nekvasil, Eric Durst, Julian Spencer and Marco Beltrami. The preparatory production began in Tyrol, Austria during mid-March for one day to shoot some snowy scenery on the Hintertux Glacier, which made for excellent conditions and perfect weather.[112][113] On 3 April 2012, principal photography had officially begun in Prague, Czech Republic, at the Barrandov Studios on gimbals on its interconnected sound-stages after preparatory filming in the production occurred at the end of March, with a said budget near to $42 million, which was the largest film budget of all time for any film with Korean investors.[114]

Bong filmed Snowpiercer with 35mm film in a 1.85:1 aspect ratio.[115][116] Roughly ninety percent of the film was shot on set. Bong's original wish was to shoot the film entirely in Korea, but a studio large enough to accommodate a set of such scale was difficult to find, thus Barrandov Studio was used instead, requiring the construction of a 100-meter replica of the title train.[114][117] In choosing Barrandov Studio, Bong explained, "All the artwork, huge train sets and the gimbal were greatly completed and fully operational. Shooting at Barrandov Studios will never stop with a perpetual engine."[118] Bong's usage of the studio allowed him and his team to carry out meticulous experiments to contrive perpetual movement by staging the film on a giant gyroscopic gimbal, which can roll from side to side or bend realistically, to give three-dimensional feel to the train.[119] Nearly all the shots within the train are filmed so that the tail sections are left of the characters on-screen, and the engine to the right; this was a "discipline" that Bong wanted to "maintain that energy, and give the audience a sense that whichever way the shot is moving, that's where the characters are going".[120]

Flash SFX, the team involved in the construction of the gimbal stated, "The main challenge of physical effects work was that of inventing and developing a system that would perfectly simulate movements of train in motion. We managed to create a massive gimbal system supporting train cars with a total weight close to 100 tons. It was capable of simulating all sideway motions and vibrations of the train, including perfect make-believe curves of railroad tracks."[121]

On 14 July 2012, principal photography officially wrapped in the Barrandov Studios after a 72-day shoot,[122][123] with post-production carried out in South Korea, and Bong started editing the film for its release.[123]

Visual effects

The visual effects company Scanline VFX worked on Snowpiercer.[124] The company worked primarily on the exterior shots of the film: the frozen city, the Yekaterina Bridge, the Frozen Harbour landscape in the sushi lounge, the "Frozen Seven" sequence, the industrial park in the shoot-out sequence, and the avalanche and post crash environment at the end of the film.[125] Already having multiple designs, storyboards and basic concepts of the train cars, it set in motion the development of over 60 different versions of the various wagons for the train Snowpiercer. Thus, visual effects supervisor Michel Mielke said "... we [had] a good idea of the vision of director Bong, we saw what he liked, and what did not work for the movie."[125]

Visual effects designer Eric Durst spoke of the Aquarium Car being an intriguing challenge of lighting, with the differentiation of a water-based environment on one side and a frozen-based landscape at the other. Durst and his team, including director of photography Alex Hong, had light "travel through water trays on top of the aquarium structure."[124] Durst added that "These refracted the light spilling on the actors, replicating the way light would react in an actual aquarium environment." In the task of creating that world, Mark Breakspear and his team in Vancouver spent a great amount of time at the Vancouver Aquarium to study "the fish, the lighting environments, the way the light refracted through the water and glass, along with how it distorted the fish as they passed."[124]

Among the most challenging effects on the train was the length of the train and the number of cars that needed to be handled. Mielke had a "very complex rig" created and built to provide the animators involved in the creating process with enough capability as was possible. He stated, "The rig managed that the train automatically followed the rails, that the motion of the wagons where simulated depending on the rails, that the wagons could be changed easily and so on."[125]

Parallel to principal photography in Prague, the first designs of visuals spanned from May 2012 up until the final shots of early March 2013, with a team of over 70 artists developing over 186 VFX-shots with almost 50 being full of computer-generated imagery.[125]

Design

Costume design

Costume designer Catherine George explained that Mason was initially inspired by a Smithsonian photograph that production designer Ondřej Nekvasil had found of an older lady amongst a room full of dead birds at the Museum of Natural History, who was a real person from Swinton's childhood.[126] In designing Mason's costume, George found images of women from their late sixties and early seventies, adding that, "... a certain type that I remembered growing up who would wear their fur to go into town and scoff at people who were less better off, a bit of a Margaret Thatcher type, really."[127] George also designed Minister Mason's suit to look "a typical conservative politician shape and style" with the purple adding a royal quality to the attire.[127] She had "collected pictures of dictators wearing elaborate uniforms and crazy hand-made medals" to experiment with the designs of such a character.[128] George later admitted to the similarities to Ayn Rand, although not intentional.[128] George and Bong travelled to Swinton's home in Scotland with "a couple of suitcases of clothes, wigs, glasses and teeth" and played with costuming ideas for Swinton's Minster Mason character.[126]

On creating individuality for the passengers in the tail section, George had the designs come from random materials they would use to fashion practical clothing, "The tail section clothing was pieced together from different garments and repairs were made on top of that. They had to improvise with any materials that were left on the train."[127] For the design of Curtis, Bong and George wanted him to be anonymous but at the same time recognizable. The design was difficult as George had to conceal Evans's muscular physique and muscle mass thus, "We had to cut out the sleeves of his under layers to help him look leaner."[129]

George personally designed the costumes for Nam and Yona, who wear the "darker-coloured intense black".[128] Taking inspiration from photographs of train engineers from an early industrial period and vintage French railway jackets, it was designed while she looked at utilitarian clothes due to Nam previously being a train engineer before his imprisonment. George also designed many of the tail section costumes, including Nam's, using Japanese Boro fabric.[127]

In creating Claude's yellow coat and dress, George was mindful of the fact it was the first colour of brightness in the tail section scene, as well as the property of yellow being the most luminous colour in the spectrum.[127] She expressed, "It's the colour that captures our attention more than any other and in colour psychology yellow is non-emotional and lacking compassion." Camera testing occurred before deciding the final colours as well as observing how they'd interact, with the back drop of darker costume colours.[127]

Production design

Bong and his illustrators created various pieces of concept art for the train cars of Snowpiercer, led by Czech production designer Ondřej Nekvasil, who was brought onto the production team to help realize those visions.[87][130] Nekvasil approached the atmosphere of the tail section it as if it were a "dark, monochromatic ... life", emphasising poor living arrangements, to which he found inspiration from poor areas of Hong Kong and elsewhere to put in the set designs. In order to make the colours appear "used" and "dirty", Nekvasil and company started with colourful props that were subsequently washed out and forcibly aged to create a feeling of "really used property and space", while creating a back story to justify the appearance.[130]

When designing the train, Nekvasil and Bong hit upon the idea of the train not being designed by one man in one specific moment; the idea that "these various train cars were built in different periods of Wilford's life".[131][132] Another idea was the logical scale of the train itself, though Bong entertained the notion of it being beyond a logical scale, Nekvasil stated, " ... if it's 20 feet wide, it'll no longer seem like a train."[132] Dimensions and sizes were discussed, and the design sized finalised was "slightly bigger than a typical train", though enough to allow space for camera movement inside the train. The design was difficult due to distance limitations, as Nekvasil said, "... the biggest stage we had, which was about 300 feet long, was not big enough to fit everything."[132]

Instead of overly relying on CGI, Nekvasil's production design team constructed twenty-six individual train cars and used a giant gyroscopic gimbal in Prague's Barrandov Studios to simulate the movement of an actual train when shooting.[133][134] Bong stated that the gimbal was used on the third day of shooting, explaining, "Sometimes we felt carsick on set," due to the realistic effects of the gimbal.[133]

Sound design

Sound engineers Anna Behlmer, Terry Porter and Mark Holding mixed the sound for Snowpiercer, supervised by sound editor Taeyoung Choi.[135]

Music and soundtrack

In May 2012, Marco Beltrami was hired to compose the incidental music for Snowpiercer.[136] In January 2013, a song titled Yona Lights was released on the film's official website in South Korea.[137] In July 2013, during the 007 Fimucité at Tenerife International Film Music Festival in the Canary Islands, a few pieces of the three films composed by Beltrami (Snowpiercer, Soul Surfer and The Wolverine) were selected for the performance.[138]

The film's official soundtrack was released in August 2013 in South Korea and the international release date was on 9 September 2013.[139]

Snowpiercer premiered at the Times Square on 29 July 2013 in Seoul, South Korea,[140] before screening at the Deauville American Film Festival as the closing film on 7 September 2013,[141] the Berlin International Film Festival as the part of Berlin's Forum sidebar on 7 February 2014,[142] opening the Los Angeles Film Festival on 11 June 2014,[143] and the Edinburgh International Film Festival on 22 June 2014.[144]

Cutting request

On 9 November 2012, The Weinstein Company acquired the distribution rights to Snowpiercer from CJ Entertainment based on the script and some completed footage, with a plan for wide release in North America, as well as throughout the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.[145] It was released in the United States on 27 June 2014 in just eight theaters in selected cities.[146] This delay was caused by Harvey Weinstein, an owner of The Weinstein Company, requesting 25 minutes of footage be cut, asking for less dialogue and more action,[147] and a voice-over sequence at the end of the film.[148] The fish-gutting scene was one that Weinstein was adamant about removing, but Bong lied to Weinstein, claiming his father was a fisherman and the scene was in tribute to his father, to get Weinstein to agree to keep it.[147] Weinstein screened his cut to a test audience of around 250 members. In response to the poor score given by the test audience, Weinstein said to Bong they needed to cut more.[147] In a later test screening of Bong's original cut of the film, the audience's score was "much higher".[148] Following the news of the cut, a Free Snowpiercer petition campaign demanding the director's cut of the film to be released in the US was created by cinema activist Denise Heard-Bashur,[149] with support from the film's stars Tilda Swinton and John Hurt.[147] Bong's uncut version of the film was eventually released,[150] but with the caveat that the film switched distributors to Radius-TWC, resulting in a limited release in art house cinemas.[147] On 3 July 2014, it was announced that thanks to positive reviews, Snowpiercer would get a wider US release and play in over 150 theaters.[151][152]

Home media

The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray in various countries, including France and Korea, over Q3 and Q4 first, before the movie was finally debuted in North American theaters. The film was eventually released on home media in North America by Starz's Anchor Bay Entertainment through The Weinstein Company Home Entertainment on 21 October 2014,[153] and became available on Netflix for streaming on 1 November 2014. It did not get a genuine UK release until November 2018, when it was made available digitally via Amazon Prime Video and was released on DVD & Blu-ray in 2020. A 4K restoration of the film is scheduled to be released on Blu-ray and digitally on January 14, 2025, by Lionsgate.[154]

Box office

Between its South Korean opening on 27 June 2014 and 23 October 2014, the film earned US$86.7 million worldwide.[155] As of April 2014, it was the tenth highest-grossing domestic film in South Korea with 9.35 million admissions. The film holds the domestic record for the fastest movie (domestic and foreign) to reach four million admissions, which it achieved in its fifth day after premiere, and another record for the highest weekend figure (from Friday to Sunday) for a Korean film, with 2.26 million viewers.[156] The film took in $171,000 on its US opening weekend, averaging around $21,400 per theater.[157] The film grossed US$59.8 million in South Korea and its largest international market was China, with $11.1 million.[158]

Critical response

Film review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reports that 94% of critics gave the film a positive rating, based on 267 reviews with an average score of 8.1/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Snowpiercer offers an audaciously ambitious action spectacle for filmgoers numb to effects-driven blockbusters."[159] Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 84 out of 100, based on 38 reviews from mainstream critics, considered to be "universal acclaim".[160]

Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly gave the piece an "A" rating, stating, "Snowpiercer sucks you into its strange, brave new world so completely, it leaves you with the all-too-rare sensation that you've just witnessed something you've never seen before ... and need to see again."[161]

A. O. Scott wrote, in his review for The New York Times, "Planetary destruction and human extinction happen a half-dozen times every summer. It's rarely this refreshing, though."[162] Andrew Pulver of The Guardian scored the film most positively, writing, "Snowpiercer works brilliantly, the sum of extremely disparate parts that adds up to cinematic excellence."[163] Joshua Rothkopf of Time Out New York scored the film five out of five stars, writing, "Sprung from a 1982 French graphic novel and bearing its era's trickle-down tensions, Snowpiercer is a headlong rush into conceptual lunacy—but you'll love it anyway." Rothkopf praises Joon-ho, stating, "... Bong grabs onto the grungy conventions of postapocalyptic adventure with relish. He serves up claustrophobic action scenes (one largely shot in the dark) and ominous, messianic overtones as the band of rebels makes its way forward."[164]

Lou Lumenick of The New York Post gave the film high acclaim, writing, "Don't miss it—this is enormously fun visionary filmmaking, with a witty script and a great international cast." He added, "The beautifully designed train is one of the most memorable in screen history ..."[165] David Denby of The New Yorker spoke highly of the piece, stating it to be, "Violent, often absurd, but full of brilliant surprises, while Bong keeps the center of the action moving toward the front of the train, a considerable feat of camera placement, choreographed mayhem, and cohesive editing", and praising Nekvasil's production design, "Bong and [Nekvasil], provide them with a series of sybaritic astonishments."[166]

Clarence Tsui of The Hollywood Reporter wrote a highly positive review, commenting, "Snowpiercer is still an intellectually and artistically superior vehicle to many of the end-of-days futuristic action thrillers out there." Speaking highly of Bong's film-making, Tsui wrote, "Bong's vivid depictions—aided by Ondřej Nekvasil's production design, Hong Kyung-pyo's cinematography and Steve M. Choe's editing—are exceptional."[1] David Thomson of The New Republic remarked that "The most bracing and liberating thing about Joon-ho Bong's Snowpiercer is not just its lyrical forward motion, but the exuberance with which the film revels in its plot predicament." He furthers praises Nekvasil's "progression of design set-pieces" and Tilda Swinton's performance, saying "She is the life and soul of this riotous party, and you will be sad to see her disposed of, no matter that Mason's ghastly manner has earned it."[167] Scott Foundas of Variety wrote, "An enormously ambitious, visually stunning and richly satisfying futuristic epic from the gifted Korean genre director Bong Joon-ho." Foundas added that Beltrami's original score was "among the generally impeccable craft contributions [to the film]".[168]

James Rocchi of Film.com wrote that, "If the film has one element that never flags or falters, it's Evans."[169]

Some were more critical of the film. Jordan Adler of We've Got This Covered wrote "We leave Snowpiercer more exhausted with questions than invigorated by its unique vision and style. It is a formidable example of directorial control bogged down by poor writing, half-finished effects work and a rather thin exploration of a fascinating dystopian universe."[170] Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post found otherwise potentially good acting to be "virtually lost in a tonal mishmash that can never decide between thoughtful political metaphor, lightheartedness and pulverizing violence" and went on to describe the director's "tiresome, slow-motion fetishism, mixing costumes and weaponry in an effort to distract from the scenes' sheer repetitiveness."[171]

Critics' top ten lists

In 2020, Snowpiercer was ranked by The Guardian number 8 among the classics of modern South Korean Cinema.[172] The film appeared on several critics' lists of the top ten best films of 2014.[173]

Accolades

The story of Yona and Timmy is continued in the 4th volume of the Snowpiercer graphic novel, Terminus. Yona and Timmy are revealed to have survived their encounter with the polar bear, and made their way to the titular Terminus. After encountering the series' protagonists, their story is wrapped up as part of the final volume.

The film, along with the original French graphic novel, was adapted into an American television show by Tomorrow Studios, and premiered on TNT on May 17, 2020, in the United States.[214][215] The show stars Jennifer Connelly and Daveed Diggs, among others, and takes place in a rebooted narrative of the film, with events on the train starting about seven years after the global catastrophe.[216][217]

• The Day After Tomorrow
• Soylent Green

1. ^ a b c d e Tsui, Clarence (23 July 2013). "Snowpiercer: Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
2. ^ Hyo-won, Lee (5 November 2013). "South Korea's 'Snowpiercer' Blazes Through French Box Office". The Hollywood Reporter. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
3. ^ a b c Foundas, Scott (22 July 2013). "Film Review: 'Snowpiercer'". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
4. ^ a b c d "Snowpiercer, Le Transperceneige". Le Pacte. 30 October 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
5. ^ "Snowpiercer". LUMIERE. European Audiovisual Observatory. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
6. ^ "SNOWPIERCER". British Board of Film Classification. Archived from the original on 18 January 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
7. ^ a b c "Tilda Swinton, Actress of SNOWPIERCER". Korean Cinema. 29 August 2013. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
8. ^ "What The Economics Of 'Snowpiercer' Say About The Future Of Film". Forbes. 9 June 2014. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
9. ^ "Snowpiercer (2014)". Box Office Mojo. 1 August 2013. Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
10. ^ Elley, Derek (2 February 2014). "Snowpiercer". Film Business Asia. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
11. ^ Young-gyo, Kim (27 May 2008). "Film adaptation of French dystopian comic to go global: Bong". Yonhap. Archived from the original on 9 February 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
12. ^ Weintraub, Steve (12 October 2009). "Exclusive: Bong Joon-ho Talks About His Next Film SNOW PIERCER". Collider.com. Archived from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
13. ^ Paquet, Darcy (30 April 2013). "What SNOWPIERCER Means to the Korean Film Industry: PART 1 – The summit of KOREAN Film's ambition". Korean Cinema Today. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
14. ^ Bechervaise, Jason (30 April 2013). "BONG Joon-ho, Director of SNOWPIERCER: PART 2 – INTERVIEW "I wanted to make a very exciting train and sci-fi movie"". Korean Cinema Today. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
15. ^ Lee Hyo-won (13 February 2016). "South Korea's Polarizing Film Market: Can Mid-Budget Genre Movies Survive?". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 14 February 2016. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
16. ^ "The 7 most expensive K-drama shows to ever hit your screens". South China Morning Post. 21 September 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
17. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Character Passports Introduce the Inhabitants of Bong Joon-ho's 'Snowpiercer'". SlashFilm. 5 April 2013. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
18. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Snowpiercer Press Notes". Andy Bailey. 25 June 2014. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "RADiUS-TWC Snowpiercer Press Notes" (PDF). RADiUS-TWC. 25 June 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
20. ^ "Comic-Con: Chris Evans and Co-Producer Dooho Choi Talk SNOWPIERCER, Elaborate Fight Scenes, the Distribution Model, and More". Collider. 31 July 2014. Archived from the original on 2 August 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
21. ^ "Deauville 2013: The director of "Transperceneige" had "prejudiced against Chris Evans"". Allocine. 7 September 2013. Archived from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
22. ^ a b "Bong Joon-ho Talks SNOWPIERCER, Casting Chris Evans, Being a "Control Freak", His Desire to Return to Smaller Budget Movies, and More". Collider. 26 June 2014. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
23. ^ "Bong Joon-ho Talks SNOWPIERCER, Casting Chris Evans, Being a "Control Freak", His Desire to Return to Smaller Budget Movies, and More". Collider. 25 June 2014. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
24. ^ "Chris Evans talks 'Snowpiercer' controversy and inspiration at SDCC more". Hypable. 26 July 2014. Archived from the original on 27 September 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
25. ^ "Comic-Con 2014: Chris Evans Talking About 'Snowpiercer'". Latino Review. 31 July 2014. Archived from the original on 6 August 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
26. ^ a b c "Song Kang Ho and Ko Asung Talk SNOWPIERCER, Working with Director Bong Joon Ho, Reuniting to Play Father and Daughter & Working with Hollywood Stars". Collider. 29 June 2014. Archived from the original on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
27. ^ "Fright Exclusive Interview with Snowpiercer's Song Kang-ho and Ko Ah-sung!!". Icons of Fright. 26 June 2014. Archived from the original on 9 July 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
28. ^ a b c "The Man Behind the Greatest Thriller of the Summer". Esquire. 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
29. ^ "Bong Joon-ho "may Nam Gung Min, deliberately sought hard to name"". Naver. 4 July 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
30. ^ "40 Trivia of Snowpiercer". Bendibao. 8 April 2014. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
31. ^ a b "Fright Exclusive Interview with Snowpiercer Star Ed Harris!". Icons of Fright. 24 June 2014. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
32. ^ "Ed Harris Talks PHANTOM, Working in an Actual Submarine, Plus PAIN & GAIN, SNOWPIERCER and 4 ½ MINUTES". Collider. 2 March 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
33. ^ a b "Ed Harris Talks SNOWPIERCER, Joining the Film, Being a Fan of Bong Joon Ho and His Unusual Shooting Style, Editing While Shooting, and Working with Chris Evans". Collider. 26 June 2014. Archived from the original on 29 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
34. ^ a b '설국열차' 봉준호 감독 인터뷰 – 익스트림무. Extreme Movie. 6 August 2013. Archived from the original on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
35. ^ "Snowpiercer (2013)". Subculture Media. 26 July 2014. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
36. ^ a b "Interview: John Hurt on 'Snowpiercer'". Filmoria. 3 July 2014. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
37. ^ "Q&A: John Hurt on His Futuristic Trip in "SNOWPIERCER"". Fangoria. 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 12 July 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
38. ^ "Acting Legend John Hurt And Co-Writer Kelly Masterson Talk SNOWPIERCER". Twitch Film. 9 July 2014. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
39. ^ "Interview: John Hurt gushes about his 'Snowpiercer' director Bong Joon-ho". Metro New York. 26 June 2014. Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
40. ^ "Snow business = John Hurt on Snowpiercer and his long career". Eye For Film. 26 June 2014. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
41. ^ "Has the reluctant Oscar winner finally found comfort in Hollywood?". Hitfix. 24 June 2014. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
42. ^ "Interview: Tilda Swinton based her 'Snowpiercer' villain in part on Thatcher". Metro New York. 24 June 2014. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
43. ^ "Tilda Swinton on Why She Doesn't Consider Herself an Actor". Variety. 15 April 2014. Archived from the original on 17 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
44. ^ "Interview with Bong Joon-Ho, and the Snowpiercer Rolling Roadshow". Cinapse. 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
45. ^ "Is That Snaggletoothed Bureaucrat Really Tilda Swinton?". Edge Denver. 8 July 2014. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
46. ^ "Tilda Swinton Talks SNOWPIERCER, Creating Her Outrageous Character, Playing a Character Originally Written as a Man & the Film's International Production". Collider. 23 June 2014. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
47. ^ "Piercing vision". Eye For Film. 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
48. ^ "Snowpiercer: Q&A with Costume Designer Catherine George". Clothes On Film. 1 August 2014. Archived from the original on 27 August 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
49. ^ "Piercing vision". Eye For Film. 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
50. ^ a b [설국열차] 제이미 벨 인터뷰 SNOWPIERCER Interview with Jamie Bell. YouTube. 21 July 2013. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
51. ^ "Interview: 'Snowpiercer' Co-Writer Kelly Masterson". Filmoria. 20 June 2014. Archived from the original on 9 July 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
52. ^ "Fright Exclusive Interview with Snowpiercer Screenwriter Kelly Masterson!". Icons of Fright. 24 June 2014. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
53. ^ "Octavia Spencer on Diablo Cody's Paradise, Sowing Her Wild Oats, and Singing Radiohead". Vulture. 17 October 2013. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
54. ^ "'Snow Piercer': Ewan Bremner joins new thriller". Digital Spy. 28 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
55. ^ "Goahseong, "It is a little bit different 'snowy train" I think "(Interview)". Ten Asia. 13 August 2013. Archived from the original on 16 August 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
56. ^ "Ko Ah-sung on the role of Yona in Snowpiercer". Tumblr. 31 July 2014. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
57. ^ ""I wanted to move in the heat of emotion, 'completely different world'" Snowpiercer director Bong Joon-ho". Weekly Khan. 13 August 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
58. ^ "Alison Pill slices and slings through 'Snowpiercer'". USA Today. 26 June 2014. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
59. ^ "Snowpiercer is hell on wheels and a glorious head trip". Toronto Star. 17 July 2014. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
60. ^ "Interview with Vlad Ivanov "Snowpiercer is about setting humanity". Digi Film. 15 March 2014. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
61. ^ "This train makes stops at bleak political allegory, elaborately choreographed ax battles, and goofy comic pratfalls. All aboard!". Slate. 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
62. ^ "'Snowpiercer (2014): Rip Humanity Up, Start Again". Auld Fang Syne. 7 July 2014. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
63. ^ a b "'Snowpiercer: All Aboard The Film Of 2014 (Warning: Contains Mild Spoilers)". Nerd Like You. 15 July 2014. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
64. ^ "Interview: Young Bill Adama – A Chat With 'Battlestar Galactica: Blood & Chrome' Star Luke Pasqualino". MTV. 3 December 2012. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
65. ^ "Director Bong Joon-Ho on Gilliam and Grey's relationship in Snowpiercer (and More)". Tumblr. 22 July 2014. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
66. ^ "Interview Tilda Swinton and me on shooting SNOWPIERCER". Twitter. 15 September 2013. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
67. ^ "Adnan Hasković and Tilda Swinton in 'Snowpiercer'". Sarajevo Times. 7 June 2013. Archived from the original on 18 June 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
68. ^ "'Snowpiercer' artist Jean-Marc Rochette talks English comic, film". Los Angeles Times. 23 January 2014. Archived from the original on 26 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
69. ^ "'Snowpiercer': How Hungry Are You?". Bitch Flicks. 4 July 2014. Archived from the original on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
70. ^ "Snowpiercer" (PDF). Film Freaks. 3 April 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
71. ^ "Dutch actress Emma Levie shines in Snowpiercer". Curiosity Quills. 1 August 2014. Archived from the original on 4 August 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
72. ^ "Dutch actress Emma Levie shines in Snowpiercer". deStentor. 29 September 2011. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
73. ^ "Review: 'Lena'". Variety. 29 September 2011. Archived from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
74. ^ "Bong Joon-ho's film Snowpiercer – all of it – inches closer to our cinemas, enfin!". Montreal Gazette. 7 February 2014. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
75. ^ "SNOWPIERCER". Film Business Asia. 2 February 2014. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
76. ^ "Actor Steve Park & Kelly Park at SNOWPIERCER movie premiere at LA Film Fest 2014!". YouTube. 22 June 2014. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
77. ^ "Review: 'Snowpiercer'". Variety. 22 July 2013. Archived from the original on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
78. ^ "Snowpiercer". Tucson Weekly. 4 July 2014. Archived from the original on 16 August 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
79. ^ "Watch Big Dance Theatre's co-director Paul Lazar in Snowpiercer!". Twitter. 24 July 2014. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
80. ^ "Minds of 'Snowpiercer' see 'miracle' on film". Korea Herald. 15 August 2013. Archived from the original on 15 August 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
81. ^ "'Snowpiercer' Creators Explain the Long Journey from French Graphic Novel to Korean Chris Evans Movie". MTV. 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
82. ^ "Lob, Legrand & Rochette's "Snowpiercer" Arrives in America". Comic Book Resources. 9 December 2013. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
83. ^ "Snowpiercer Press Notes" (PDF). Snowpiercer. 6 August 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
84. ^ "Snowpiercer: Speak, Memory, Occupy". Los Angeles Review of Books. 8 August 2014. Archived from the original on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
85. ^ "Snowpiercer 2013". JoyKDrama. 1 August 2014. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
86. ^ ""Snowpiercer" Is The Best-Selling Korean Movie Ever Shown In France". RADiUS-TWC. 13 November 2013. Archived from the original on 26 November 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
87. ^ a b "Snowpiercer Press Notes" (PDF). RADiUS-TWC. 25 June 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
88. ^ a b "VIFF 2010: Korean director Bong Joon-Ho eyeing Canada for Le Transperceneige". Cinetirol. 5 October 2010. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
89. ^ 김혜리 (18 August 2013). [김혜리칼럼] 길면 기차, 그리고 긴 인터뷰 (1) : <설국열차>에 이미 탑승한 관객을 위한 봉준호 감독의 코멘터리. Naver Corporation News (in Korean). Retrieved 19 April 2014.
90. ^ Ju Sung Chul (11 September 2011). "Four leading Korean directors working on overseas projects". Korea Cinema Today (in Korean). Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
91. ^ "Masterson puts polish to 'Piercer'". Variety. 18 January 2012. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2012.
92. ^ "Interview with SNOWPIERCER Screenwriter Kelly Masterson". Screen Craft. 7 September 2014. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
93. ^ "Interview with SNOWPIERCER Screenwriter Kelly Masterson". Screen Craft. 7 September 2014. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
94. ^ "VIFF 2010: Korean director Bong Joon-Ho eyeing Canada for Le Transperceneige". The National. 23 April 2014. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
95. ^ "BIFF 2013: Snowpiercer the Transperceneige Bong Joon-h=Ho". Arte. 10 October 2013. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
96. ^ "Chris Evans warms to 'Snow Piercer'". Variety. 13 January 2012. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
97. ^ "Swinton, Bell in talks for 'Snow Piercer'". Variety. 17 January 2012. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
98. ^ "Tilda Swinton: Making 'Snowpiercer' was like 'being in kindergarten' Part I". Asia One. 30 July 2013. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
99. ^ "Tilda Swinton: Making 'Snowpiercer' was like 'being in kindergarten' Part II". Asia One. 30 July 2013. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
100. ^ "John Hurt: Your life is your own property". The Daily Telegraph. 18 January 2013. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
101. ^ "Oscar Frontrunner Octavia Spencer to Star in Sci-Fi Thriller 'Snow Piercer' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. 2 February 2012. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
102. ^ "Ed Harris Talks PHANTOM, Working in an Actual Submarine, Plus PAIN & GAIN, SNOWPIERCER and 4 ½ MINUTES". Collider. 3 March 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
103. ^ "Ewen Bremner Boards Snow Piercer". Empire. 27 February 2012. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
104. ^ "'Trainspotting' Star Ewan Bremner Joins Chris Evans & Octavia Spencer In Bong Joon-Ho's 'Snow Piercer'". Indiewire. 27 February 2012. Archived from the original on 15 July 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
105. ^ "Bremner finds his way in the 'Snow'". Variety. 27 February 2012. Archived from the original on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
106. ^ "Luke Pasqualino". Twitter. 3 April 2012. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
107. ^ "Agenda: Topshop; Luke Pasqualino; Little Noise Sessions; Rebus Returns; Pin-Up Cats". The Independent. 4 November 2012. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
108. ^ ""The Transperceneige" topped the box office even before its Korean cinema release". 20 Minutes. 31 July 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
109. ^ "The Host stars join Bong Joon-ho's international sci-fi thriller by javabeans". DramaBeans. 19 March 2012. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
110. ^ "The Host stars join Bong Joon-ho's international sci-fi thriller by javabeans". TwitchFilm. 13 May 2012. Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
111. ^ "Snowpiercer ... in production". StillKing. 16 April 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
112. ^ "Snowpiercer in Tirol". Cinetirol. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
113. ^ "The glaciers win in "Snowpiercer", but at what cost?". Cinetirol. 10 July 2014. Archived from the original on 29 August 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
114. ^ a b "The Big 4 Goes Global – BONG JOON-HO". Korean Film. 14 May 2012. Archived from the original on 26 June 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
115. ^ "Film Review: 'Snowpiercer'". Chrome Yellow. 4 July 2014. Archived from the original on 4 October 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
116. ^ "The last Korean film shot in 35 mm". Eugene Hernandez. 26 June 2014. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
117. ^ "Snowpiercer director Bong Joon-Ho Discusses the Film". DenOfGeek. 24 May 2014. Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
118. ^ "PRODUCTION GUIDE SHOOTING WITH BARRANDOV STUDIOS" (PDF). Barrandov Studios. 19 March 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
119. ^ "Revolt on the Polar Express". NY Books. 1 July 2014. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
120. ^ Abrams, Simon (29 June 2014). "Director Bong Joon-ho Breaks Down Snowpiercer's Ending". Vulture. Archived from the original on 23 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
121. ^ "Snowpiercer". FlashSFX. 16 February 2013. Archived from the original on 1 March 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
122. ^ "Bong Joon Ho, Snowpiercer". ScreeDaily. 29 August 2013. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
123. ^ a b "Bong Joon Ho wraps Snowpiercer in Prague". ScreeDaily. 17 July 2013. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
124. ^ a b c "The Visual Effects of Snowpiercer". Cinefex. 17 July 2014. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
125. ^ a b c d "SNOWPIERCER: Michel Mielke – VFX Supervisor – Scanline VFX". Cinefex. 12 June 2014. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
126. ^ a b Christina Radish (25 June 2014). "Tilda Swinton Talks SNOWPIERCER, Creating Her Outrageous Character, Playing a Character Originally Written as a Man & the Film's International Production". Collider (Interview). Archived from the original on 27 June 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
127. ^ a b c d e f "Snowpiercer: Q&A with Costume Designer Catherine George". Clothes on Film. 1 August 2014. Archived from the original on 27 August 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
128. ^ a b c "Interview: "Snowpiercer" costume designer Catherine George". Hello, Tailor. 29 July 2014. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
129. ^ "Everything you need to know about 'Snowpiercer,' this summer's best post-apocalyptic comedy-horror fairy tale". Entertainment Weekly. 26 June 2014. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
130. ^ a b "A Train to Nowhere in a New Ice Age – Designing the Train Sections for Bong Joon-ho's 'Snowpiercer'". The New York Times. 13 June 2014. Archived from the original on 15 June 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
131. ^ "The Mary Sue Exclusive Interview: Snowpiercer Director Bong Joon Ho". The Mary Sue. 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
132. ^ a b c "We Talked To Snowpiercer's Production Designer About Building A World Inside A Train". The Creators Project. 7 August 2014. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
133. ^ a b "Revolt on the Polar Express". NY Books. 26 June 2014. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
134. ^ "Revolt on the Polar Express". NY Books. 1 July 2014. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
135. ^ "Snowpiercer (2013)". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. 2014. Archived from the original on 15 December 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
136. ^ Film Music Reporter (4 May 2012). "Marco Beltrami to score "Snowpiercer" and "Warm Bodies"". Film Scoring Assignments. Archived from the original on 17 May 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
137. ^ Young, Al (13 January 2013). "Listen To A Track From Bong Joon-ho's SNOWPIERCER Soundtrack, Plus Concept Art". Twitch Film. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
138. ^ "2013: September 9: Snowpiercer OST released". Tenerife International Film Music Festival. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
139. ^ "Friday July 12th 2013". Marco Beltrami. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
140. ^ "Snowpiercer VIP premiere to be held on July 28". Yahoo. 30 July 2013. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
141. ^ "Deauville American Film Festival Adds 'Snowpiercer' as Closing Film". The Hollywood Reporter. 20 August 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
142. ^ "Berlin: Boong Joon-ho's 'Snowpiercer' Gets Forum Special Screening". The Hollywood Reporter. 23 January 2014. Archived from the original on 1 September 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
143. ^ "'Snowpiercer' to Open Los Angeles Film Festival". The Hollywood Reporter. 1 April 2014. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
144. ^ "Snowpiercer". Edinburgh International Film Festival. 22 June 2014. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
145. ^ "AFM: Weinstein Co Acquires Snow Piercer; Thriller Stars Avengers Chris Evans". Deadline. 9 November 2013. Archived from the original on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
146. ^ Ray Subers (26 June 2014). "Forecast: Fourth 'Transformers' to Fight Off Franchise's 'Extinction' This Weekend". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
147. ^ a b c d e Jung, E. Alex (7 October 2019). "Korean Director Bong Joon-ho on His New Film 'Parasite'". vulture.com. Vulture. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
148. ^ a b Vineyard, Jennifer (6 November 2013). "Director Bong Joon-Ho Explains Harvey Weinstein's Problem With Snowpiercer". vulture.com. Vulture. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
149. ^ James Knight (13 January 2014). "Chris Evans New Movie 'Snowpiercer' Release Plea After Captain America Death Rumors". Classicalite. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
150. ^ Russ Fischer (1 July 2014). "There Is Only One Cut of 'Snowpiercer,' Which Opens Wide This Week". Slash Film. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
151. ^ Ty Burr (28 June 2014). "Harvey Weinstein and the saga of 'Snowpiercer'". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
152. ^ Trent Moore (2 July 2014). "Snowpiercer is FINALLY getting a wide release (and here's where it's playing)'". Blastr. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
153. ^ "Snowpiercer Blu-ray". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
154. ^ "Snowpiercer 4K Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
155. ^ "Snowpiercer". Archived from the original on 4 January 2015.
156. ^ "Box Office: July 25 – August 7, 2013". Archived from the original on 2 January 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
157. ^ "Snowpiercer (2014)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Archived from the original on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
158. ^ "SNOWPIERCER Foreign". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
159. ^ "Snowpiercer (2014)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
160. ^ "Snowpiercer Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
161. ^ "Snowpiercer". Entertainment Weekly. 9 July 2014. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
162. ^ "Stuck in Steerage for the Postapocalypse". The New York Times. 26 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
163. ^ "Snowpiercer: first look review – something of absurdist theatre, Terry Gilliam meets Samuel Beckett". The Guardian. 20 June 2014. Archived from the original on 22 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
164. ^ "Snowpiercer (R)". Time Out New York. 24 June 2014. Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
165. ^ "Visionary epic 'Snowpiercer' is a sci-fi thrill ride". The New York Post. 25 June 2014. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
166. ^ "Endgames". The New Yorker. 7 July 2014. Archived from the original on 30 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
167. ^ "'Snowpiercer' is a Post-Apocalyptic Action Movie That's Actually Fun". The New Republic. 24 June 2014. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
168. ^ "Film Review: 'Snowpiercer'". The New Republic. 22 July 2014. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
169. ^ "Review: 'Snowpiercer'". The New Republic. 19 June 2014. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
170. ^ "Snowpiercer Review". We Got This Covered. 31 March 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
171. ^ "'Snowpiercer' movie review: All aboard a cold train to nowhere". The Washington Post.
172. ^ Bradshaw, Peter (13 February 2020). "Classics of modern South Korean cinema – ranked!". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
173. ^ "Best of 2014: Film Critic Top Ten Lists". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
174. ^ "2014 EDA Awards Nominees". Alliance of Women Film Journalists. 8 January 2015. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
175. ^ "South Korea's 'Snowpiercer' Gets 7 Nominations at Asia Pacific Film Fest". The Hollywood Reporter. 3 December 2013. Archived from the original on 5 December 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
176. ^ "South Korea's 'Snowpiercer' Gets 7 Nominations at Asia Pacific Film Fest". Variety. 11 February 2014. Archived from the original on 11 February 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
177. ^ "Austin critics love 'Boyhood,' single out 'Joe' star Gary Poulter". HitFix. 17 December 2014. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
178. ^ "Nominees announced for Baeksang Arts Awards". DramaBeans. 28 April 2014. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
179. ^ "'Dear White People,' 'Selma' lead 15th annual Black Reel Awards nominations". HitFix. 17 December 2014. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
180. ^ "The Blue Dragon Film Awards 2013 Nominations". Word from the ROK. 13 November 2013. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2013.
181. ^ a b "'Snowpiercer' named best picture by Boston online critics". Hitfix. 6 December 2014. Archived from the original on 7 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
182. ^ "Tilda Swinton, Bennett Miller to Receive Tributes at 2014 Gotham Awards". Variety. 2 October 2014. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
183. ^ "Nominees announced for Central Ohio Film Critics Association awards". The Columbus Dispatch. 2 January 2015. Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
184. ^ ""Birdman" Leads 2014 CFCA Nominations". Chicago Film Critics Association. 12 December 2014. Archived from the original on 27 November 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
185. ^ ""Birdman" Leads the 20th Annual Critics' Choice Move Awards Nominations with Thirteen"". Critics' Choice Movie Awards. 15 December 2014. Archived from the original on 15 December 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
186. ^ "This year's Best Director". Detroit Film Critics Society. Archived from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
187. ^ "This year's Best Director". Director's Cut Awards. 15 August 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
188. ^ "'Boyhood,' 'Transparent' Lead Dorian Awards". TheWrap. 20 January 2015. Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
189. ^ "Georgia Film Critics Association 2014 Nominations". Georgia Film Critics Association. 7 January 2015. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
190. ^ "Rotten Tomatoes™ Announces 2014 Golden Tomato Award Winners; Boyhood Wins for Best Reviewed Wide Release". Rotten Tomatoes. 6 January 2015. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
191. ^ ""The Face Reader" Sweeps the 50th Grand Bell Awards By Winning Six Awards Including Best Film". Soompi. 2 November 2013. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
192. ^ "BRUCEBLOG: 'Boyhood' tops Iowa Film Critics Awards". Sioux City Journal. 6 January 2015. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
193. ^ "'Birdman' and usual critical darling suspects lead Houston critics' nominations". HitFix. 16 December 2014. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
194. ^ "Inside Llewyn Davis, Blue Is the Warmest Color Honored at 11th ICS Awards". IcsFilm. 11 January 2014. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
195. ^ "2015 ICS Award Nominees: Guiraudie's Stranger by the Lake Leads Pack". IonCinema. 3 February 2015. Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
196. ^ "'Birdman' and genre love from Las Vegas film critics". HitFix. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
197. ^ "L.A. Film Critics Awards: Jonny Greenwood & Mica Levi Tie in Best Music Score Category". Billboard. 1 December 2014. Archived from the original on 31 December 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
198. ^ "National Board of Review Announces 2014 Award Winners". National Board of Review. 1 December 2014. Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
199. ^ "2014 NCFCA Award Nominees". North Carolina Film Critics Association. 29 December 2014. Archived from the original on 30 December 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
200. ^ "'Boyhood,' 'Grand Budapest' lead with 2014 online film critics nominations". HitFix. 8 December 2014. Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
201. ^ "2014: THE YEAR OF Birdman". CinemaSight. 8 February 2015. Archived from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
202. ^ "Phoenix Film Critics Society 2014 Award Nominations". Phoenix Film Critics Society. 9 December 2014. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
203. ^ "San Francisco Film Critics Circle Nominations". Awards Watch. 12 December 2014. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
204. ^ "'Birdman' Leads Satellite Awards Nominations". TheWrap. 1 December 2014. Archived from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
205. ^ "Southeastern Film Critics Association Picks The Grand Budapest Hotel as Best Film of 2014; Selma Misses the Top 10 List". Collider. 11 December 2014. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
206. ^ "'Birdman,' 'Grand Budapest' lead St. Louis film critics nominations". HitFix. 11 December 2014. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
207. ^ "Toronto Film Critics Association names 'Boyhood' 2014's best film". HitFix. 16 December 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
208. ^ "'Snowpiercer' Wins Big at South Korean Film Critics Awards". The Hollywood Reporter. 18 November 2013. Archived from the original on 21 November 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
209. ^ "Sydney Film Fest: 'The Rover' With Robert Pattinson, Richard Linklater's 'Boyhood' to Compete". The Hollywood Reporter. 7 May 2014. Archived from the original on 9 June 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
210. ^ "'Birdman' takes Best Picture from Utah Film Critics Association". The Salt Lake Tribune. 17 December 2014. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
211. ^ "The 2014 WAFCA Awards". Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards. 6 December 2014. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
212. ^ "Sydney Film Fest: 'The Rover' With Robert Pattinson, Richard Linklater's 'Boyhood' to Compete". World Soundtrack Awards. 12 August 2014. Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
213. ^ "Village Voice Film Poll – Supporting Actress". The Village Voice. 8 February 2015. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
214. ^ Bankhurst, Adam (20 July 2019). "Snowpiercer Trailer Revealed at Comic Con 2019". IGN. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
215. ^ Kil, Sonia (25 July 2018). "Netflix Boards TNT's 'Snowpiercer' Series". Variety. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
216. ^ Goldberg, Lesley (11 November 2015). "'Snowpiercer' Being Adaptaed for TV Writer Josh Friedman (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter.
217. ^ Schwindt, Oriana (21 November 2016). "TNT Orders 'Snowpiercer' Pilot From Tomorrow Studios". Variety. Archived from the original on 22 November 2016.

• Snowpiercer at IMDb
• Snowpiercer at Box Office Mojo
• Snowpiercer at Rotten Tomatoes
• Snowpiercer at Metacritic
• Snowpiercer at the Korean Movie Database (in Korean)