Answer
Part 1. Yes
Part 2. Yes
Part 3. Yes
Part 4. No
Work Step by Step
Part 1. Yes because as long as you understand that technology is getting you to your end goal successfully, it is not a necessity to understand exactly how it works, although its always better when you do understand the basics because when you will have an issue with technology, you may be able to understand what is wrong and fix it on your own.
Part 2. It is necessary to understand how that technology is used, because if you vote on a certain technology, let's say VPN's, or Virtual Private Networks, you will need to understand what VPN does and how. So if a Government official has plans to ban VPN, you could be able to understand the theoretical effect of what could happen.
Part 3. Yes because certain technologies are too simple and would have no meaning to try to understand, like a calculator, you have no need to understand how it works, it's one job is to do math, on a faster scale than us, plus we all know math on a certain level.
Part 4. The answer shouldn't be the same, because the significance is is very different. When considering nuclear technology, it is very important to understand whats happening, because one small issue or one small insignificant looking bug, can cause the nuclear technology to blow up and be a very devastating situation. Unlike using a laptop for day to day use, all you need it for is just simple tasks like browsing the web or editing a document. You don't need to know what the laptop is doing when you surf the web, you just need to know that it works.