Answer
$4$
Work Step by Step
Factor each number completely to obtain:
$12 = 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 3
\\16 = 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 2$
Since two 2s are common to both, the greatest common factor of the two given numbers is:
$2 \cdot 2 = 4$