Answer
(a) $∑X^2=48$
(b) $(∑X)^2=196$
(c) $∑(X-1)=9$
(d) $∑(X-1)^2=25$
Work Step by Step
(a) $∑X^2=3^2+2^2+5^2+1^2+3^2=9+4+25+1+9=48$
(b) $(∑X)^2=(3+2+5+1+3)^2=14^2=196$
(c) $∑(X-1)=(3-1)+(2-1)+(5-1)+(1-1)+(3-1)=2+1+4+0+2=9$
(d) $∑(X-1)^2=(3-1)^2+(2-1)^2+(5-1)^2+(1-1)^2+(3-1)^2=2^2+1^2+4^2+0^2+2^2=4+1+16+0+4=25$
