Answer
An ophthalmoscopic examination of the eyes can detect evidence of the following diseases: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration.
Work Step by Step
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disorder of the retina that results in impairment and eventual loss of central vision. If it progresses to the wet stage, new blood vessels form in the choroid, and leak plasma into the retina. There is no real cure for this condition.
Cataracts can also be detected by the ophthalmoscope. Cataracts is a disorder in which the lens of the eyes become progressively more cloudy. This reduces vision and may lead to blindness. Cataracts can be easily removed by surgery and replaced by artificial lens.
In diabetes retinopathy, retinal blood vessels are damaged, and they may leak plasma. This results in loss of vision and may lead to blindness.
Hypertension also damages blood vessels of of the retina. In hypertensive retinopathy, bleeding results in blurred vision which may progress to blindness.
