Answer
Nucleic acids are two classes of polymers of nuclotides that are concerned with the encoding and transmission of genetic characteristics.These two kinds of nucleic acids are desoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) and ribose nucleic acid (RNA). The nucleotides that make up the strands of nucleic acids consist of a phosphate moiety, a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base.
DNA is double stranded and the strands are joined by the linking of the bases adenine to thymine(A-T) and guanine to cytosine (G-C). DNA is found in nuclei and mitochondria. A gene is a length of DNA that codes for a heritable characteristic, though not all lengths of DNA are genes. RNA is a single stranded nucleic acid found mainly in the cytoplasm. It is expressed as several sub-types ( m-RNA, t-RNA, and r-RNA) which carry out several functions in cooperation with the nuclei and the ribosomes to ensure the accurate interpretations of genetic instructions. This categorization of nucleic acid is a simple one and leaves consideration of non-coding DNA, nonsense DNA.
Work Step by Step
Desoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) and ribose nucleic acids ( RNA) are important substances concerned with the transmission of hereditary characteristics, and the synthesis of proteins that are essential for many vital functions of the body. Both types of nucleic acids are similar in that they consist of subunits called nuceotides which comprise a sugar and a phosphate backbone and four nitrogenous bases. But there are also several differences between DNA ad RNA molecules. Firs, the pentose sugar of the two molecules, as their names imply, are different; DNA has the sugar deoxyribose, while the pentose sugar of RNA molecules is ribose. Another structural difference is in the four nitrogenous bases. Each. type of nucleic acid has four basses: DNA has adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine , while RNA has no thymine but has uracil as the substitute pyrimidine.
DNA is the basic molecule that encodes and transmits genetic information from parent to child; It is found in the nucleus of cells, but also in the mitochondria (organelles) in the cytoplasm. While there is only one type of DNA, there are three (or four, or more) sub-types f RNA, namely, messenger RNA(m-RNA), transfer RNA (t-RNA) , and ribosomal RNA (r-RNA). The DNA molecule molecule is double-stranded with the two strands of nucleotides linked by a complementary bases(covalently)-- adenine to thymine (A-T), and guanine to cytosine(G-C).The nature of the bonding causes the DNA molecule to twist into the form of the now famous double helix. Unlike DNA, RNA is single stranded though the single strand coils upon itself and achieves base pair-bonding --guanine to cytosine (G-C) and in the absence of thymine , adenine to uracil(A-U).The different forms of RNA cooperate with DNA to help it carry out the function of transmission of the genetic information necessary for growth, maturation and functions of healthy living. Messenger RNA is fond in the nucleus where it transcribes the genetic information of the DNA, and carries to the ribosomes of the cytoplasm. Transfer RNA is found in the cytoplasm, and helps the ribosome by decoding the m-RNA and then transferring amino acids to the growing peptide chain based on the m-RNA template . Ribosomal RNA is part of the protein-nuceic acid structure of the ribosmes. The job of r-RNA is to help the ribosome interpret the message of the m-RNA and t-RNA and convert it into appropriate proteins
