Essential Cell Biology, 4th Edition

Published by Garland Science
ISBN 10: 0815344546
ISBN 13: 978-0-81534-454-4

Chapter 2 - Chemical Components of Cells - Questions - Page 80: Question 2-12 B

Answer

Helium- gain 0 - lose 0 Oxygen- gain 2 - lose 6 Carbon- gain 4 - lose 4 Sodium- gain 7 - lose 1 Chlorine- gain 1 - lose 7

Work Step by Step

Helium has two electrons in its outer shell, meaning it already has a complete outer shell. Oxygen has 6 electrons in its outer shell. In order to gain a complete outer shell it must either lose 4 electrons, removing its second electron shell entirely, or gain 2 electrons in order to max out its second shell with a total of 8. Carbon has 4 electrons in its second shell of electrons. it must either lose 4 electrons, removing its second shell entirely, or gain 4 electrons in order to max out its second shell with a total of 8. Sodium has 1 electron in its third energy level. it must either lose 1 electron which will remove its third energy level entirely, or gain 7 electrons which will max out its third electron shell with a total of 8. Chlorine has 7 electrons in its third energy level. It must either lose 7 electrons which will remove its third energy level entirely, or gain 1 electron which will max out its third electron shell with a total of 8.
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