Answer
a. $ 1.92 \times 10^{13}$ dollars per person.
b. The amount of money distributed to each person is 1.27 times the entire gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States in 2011.
Work Step by Step
Avogadro's constant: $6.02 \times 10^{23}$
An "Avagadro's number of pennies" would be equal to $6.02 \times 10^{23}$ pennies. There are $1.00 \times 10^{2}$ pennies in one dollar, so we can divide the number of pennies by the conversion factor to get dollars: $6.02 \times 10^{23} \div 1.00 \times 10^{2} = 6.02 \times 10^{21}$ dollars. We can then convert the population of 314 million to $3.14 \times 10^{8}$ and then perform division to get the dollars per person: $6.02 \times 10^{23} \div 3.14 \times 10^{8} = 1.92 \times 10^{13}$ dollars per person. The GDP of the United States was 15.1 trillion dollars or $1.51 \times 10^{13}$ dollars. If we divide the dollars per person by the GDP, we get $1.91 \times 10^{13} \div 1.51 \times 10^{13} = 1.2649 \times 10^{0}$ or simply $1.27$. That means that each person would receive an amount $1.27$ times the dollar amount of the national debt.
