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Over different time scales, global average temperature has shown major variations.
In the past 1,000 years, there were fluctuations such as the Medieval Warm Period (10th-14th centuries) with warmer temperatures and the Little Ice Age (16th-19th centuries) with cooler temperatures.
The past 10,000 years, known as the Holocene epoch, saw a relatively stable climate.
Over the past 100,000 years, glacial-interglacial cycles led to significant temperature changes due to natural factors like Earth's orbital variations and greenhouse gas concentration.
