1 Aeschylus was a citizen of Mycenae Troy Athens Sparta 2 Aeschylus' innovation, which led to the birth of Western drama, was the addition of the third actor, making possible the staging of more complex dramatic situations the audience the Chorus the second actor, making possible the staging of a dramatic story 3 How many Greek trilogies (plays performed together in groups of three at the Dionysia) have survived? two: the Oresteia and the Oedipus trilogy one: the Oresteia five, including the Oresteia six, five of which were written by Aeschylus 4 Greek drama could best be described as stylized, with masks and a Chorus both stylized, with masks and a Chorus and part of a religious celebration part of a religious celebration very naturalistic, with efforts to make the representation as realistic as possible 5 Greek actors wore togas all black and red masks nothing 6 Greek plays feature a group of performers who sing, dance, provide exposition and interact with the other characters. This group is called Sappho's "maidens" the Bacchae the nymphs of Artemis the Chorus 7 Who killed Agamemnon? Iphigeneia and Helen Clytaemestra and Aegisthus Orestes and Electra Atreus and Pylades 8 The Curse on the House of Atreus began with the murder and ingestion of Thyestes' children the sacrifice of Iphigeneia the improper burial of Polyneices the murder of Agamemnon 9 Agamemnon was the commander-in-chief of the Greek forces in the Argive civil war the Theban civil war the Trojan War the Athenian war 10 Before the Greek forces set sail from Aulis, they had to appease the goddess Artemis by sacrificing Agamemnon's daughter, Iphigeneia killing Thyestes' children and eating them setting Odysseus adrift on a canoe attacking Troy 11 When Agamemnon returned, he was met by the loving embrace of Helen was killed while bathing was ambushed by Achilles was murdered by Electra and Orestes 12 Clytaemestra mourned her husband for ten years became the Pythia, priestess of Apollo became a Fury installed herself and her lover Aegisthus as dictators 13 Clytaemestra then exiled Electra and made Orestes a slave in his own house exiled Aegisthus but made Orestes the heir exiled Orestes but made Electra the heir exiled Orestes and made Electra a servant in her own house 14 In The Libation Bearers, Orestes returned to Argos with orders from Apollo telling him to kill both Aegisthus and Clytaemestra from Athene telling him to kill Aegisthus from Apollo telling him to become a priest from Zeus telling him to kill Electra 15 In The Libation Bearers, after carrying out the god's orders, Orestes almost immediately saw Zeus, who wanted to strike him with a thunderbolt the Muses, who wanted to celebrate his triumph Athene, who wanted to congratulate him the Furies, terrible goddesses who sought to punish him for his act 16 The Eumenides begins before the temple of Athene in Athens before the temple of Hera in Corinth before the temple of Apollo at Delphi before the temple of Zeus in Troy 17 The Pythia is the queen of the Amazons the priestess of Apollo the priest of Athene an ancient, primal serpent goddess 18 To stall the Furies while Orestes escapes, Apollo has Hermes distract the Furies puts the Furies to sleep hits them with thunderbolts gives Orestes the power of invisibility 19 At the temple, the Furies are woken by Aegisthus' Ghost Clytaemestra's Ghost Iphegenia's Ghost Agamemnon's Ghost 20 Clytaemestra's ghost goes disgraced among the dead because she exiled her son she murdered Aegisthus she exiled her daughter she murdered her husband 21 The Furies argue that Orestes' crime was worse than Clytaemestra's because he did not receive divine permission he killed for pleasure he murdered with the aid of deception he spilled kindred blood 22 The Furies could best be said to embody the ancient, the primal, the terrifying the young, the rational, the ugly the young, the rational, the beautiful the ancient, the rational, the masculine 23 Apollo could best be said to represent the young, the rational the ancient, the rational the young, the ugly the primal, the terrifying 24 There is a scene change to the temple of the Furies, in Tartarus the temple of Athene, at the Acropolis in Athens the temple of Zeus, in Sparta the temple of Apollo, at Delphi 25 When Athene hears Orestes' and the Eumenides' accounts of Orestes actions, she decides f) to find Orestes guilty g) to decide, on her own, that Orestes is innocent h) to send Orestes to Zeus for judgment e) to find twelve jurors who can sit and decide the case together