Aslan Allegory
The character of Aslan is an allegory for God. At the start of the Chronicles, he was the creator of the Narnian world and in this novel he is the only one who can make the world as it is known end. Faith in Aslan is the only way to get through the stable door that leads to the "New Narnia" (Heaven) in the same way that faith in God is the only path that leads through the gates of Heaven. In another allegorical aspect of Aslan, he talks to a good Calormene soldier and tells him that his honorable acts will bring him to live with Aslan in the same way that an honorable person who had not realized they were honoring God will still get to Heaven.
Faith Allegory
Susan was killed in the same crash as the others but is not present in New Narnia with them. Polly and Peter admit that this is because she has lost faith in Aslan and is no longer a friend to Narnia, thinking of it as a childish imaginary place. Her absence is allegorical of a person who has lost their faith and is no longer living the life they know they should or doing things with good intentions. According to her siblings she is only interested in fripperies and superficial things and so is allegorical of a person who's loss of faith has unpaved their pathway to Heaven.
Dogs Symbol
As it becomes apparent that Tirian's army is horribly outnumbered and likely fighting a futile battle, the group is cheered by a pack of Narnian dogs running towards them with tails wagging and eyes shining, jumping up on them with glee and plastering their faces with wet licks. They symbolize belief and trust in both Tirian and the path he is taking and this has a greater meaning to Tirian than the disloyalty of those Narnians who didn't come with him. The dogs symbolize that he is doing the right thing even if support is slow in coming.
Puzzle As Aslan Symbol
Shift uses Puzzle in his Lion disguise as a symbol of the real Aslan's support of him and agreement with everything he says. The Puzzle/Aslan figure is brought out in the dark as a symbol of Shift's "god-given" powers and of his authority in Narnia.
Spear Symbol
Tirian's group were winning the battle against the first of the Calormene as it was a far more evenly based combat; because they were ostensibly "coming in peace" the first Calormene in Narnia did not bring their spears as the spears would symbolize their ill-intent and the fact that they were not coming in peace.
Lion’s skin (Symbol)
In the beginning of the story, the Ape Shift and donkey Puzzle find in the water a lion skin. Puzzle is almost terrified with the thought that someone has killed a poor creature and offers to bury it and have a funeral, but Shift calls him a fool and says that it could not be a talking lion, but a wild, dumb lion. Even though Shift wants Puzzle to wear the skin of the lion the last is strongly against it, as this skin symbolizes for him the Great Lion Aslan and Puzzle thinks all the lions to be solemn because of him. The skin of any lion, or any lion himself symbolizes the greatness and strength of Aslan, the greatest lion in Narnia.
Stars and Sky (Symbol)
The Centaur Roonwit was the one of the centaurs who have been studies the skies for thousands of years and could foretell events with the help of stars. Here stars and sky stand as a symbol of truth as they never lie, and now “the stars say nothing of the coming of Aslan, nor of peace, nor of joy” but what they predict is “some great evil hangs over Narnia”. If Aslan were to come back the stars would assemble in his honor.
