Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Tennessee Williams

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a 1955 American three-act play by Tennessee Williams. The play, an adaptation of his 1952 short story "Three Players of a Summer Game", was written between 1953 and 1955.[1] One of Williams's more famous works and his personal favorite,[2] it won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1955. Set in the "plantation home in the Mississippi Delta"[3] of Big Daddy Pollitt, a wealthy cotton tycoon, the play examines the relationships among members of Big Daddy's family, primarily between his son Brick and Maggie "the Cat", Brick's wife.

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof features motifs such as social mores, greed, superficiality, mendacity, decay, sexual desire, repression, and death. The dialogue throughout is often written using nonstandard spelling intended to represent accents of the Southern United States. The original production starred Barbara Bel Geddes, Burl Ives, and Ben Gazzara. The play was adapted as a film of the same name in 1958, starring Elizabeth Taylor and Paul Newman as Maggie and Brick, with Ives and Madeleine Sherwood recreating their stage roles. Williams made substantial excisions and alterations to the play for a revival in 1974. This has been the version used for most subsequent revivals, which have been numerous.

A family in the American South is in crisis, especially the husband and wife, Brick and Margaret (usually called Maggie or "Maggie the Cat"), and the crisis unspools with Brick's family over the course of one evening's gathering at the family plantation in Mississippi. The party celebrates the birthday of patriarch Big Daddy Pollitt, "the Delta's biggest cotton-planter",[3] and his return from the Ochsner Clinic with what he has been told is a clean bill of health. All family members (except Big Daddy and his wife, Big Mama) are aware of Big Daddy's true diagnosis: he is dying of cancer. His family has lied to Big Daddy and Big Mama to spare them pain on the patriarch's birthday, but throughout the course of the play, it becomes clear that the Pollitt family has long constructed a web of deceit for itself.

Maggie, determined and beautiful, has escaped a childhood of poverty to marry into the wealthy Pollitts, but finds herself unfulfilled. The family is aware that Brick has not slept with Maggie for a long time, which has strained their marriage. Brick, an aging football hero, infuriates her by ignoring his brother Gooper's attempts to gain control of the family fortune. Brick's indifference and his drinking have escalated with the suicide of his football buddy Skipper. Maggie fears that Brick's malaise will ensure that Gooper and his wife, Mae, inherit Big Daddy's estate.

Over the evening, each member of the family faces the issues they have bottled up inside. Big Daddy attempts a reconciliation with the alcoholic Brick. Both Big Daddy and Maggie separately confront Brick about the true nature of his close friendship with Skipper, which appears to be the source of Brick's sorrow and the cause of his alcoholism. Brick explains to Big Daddy that the friendship troubled Maggie, who jealously believed it had a romantic undercurrent, and says Skipper took Maggie to bed to prove her wrong but could not complete the act, raising inner doubts that made him "snap". Brick also reveals that, shortly before his suicide, Skipper confessed his attraction to Brick, but Brick rejected him.

Disgusted by the family's mendacity, Brick tells Big Daddy that the report from the clinic about his condition was falsified for his sake. Big Daddy storms out of the room, leading the rest to drift inside. Maggie, Brick, Mae, Gooper, and Doc Baugh (the family's physician) decide to tell Big Mama the truth about her husband's illness, and she is devastated by the news. Gooper and Mae start to discuss the division of the Pollitt estate. Big Mama defends her husband from their proposals.

Big Daddy reappears and makes known his plans to die peacefully. Attempting to secure Brick's inheritance, Maggie tells him she is pregnant. Gooper and Mae know this is a lie, but Big Mama and Big Daddy believe that Maggie "has life". When they are alone again, Maggie locks away the liquor and promises Brick that she will "make the lie true".

Falsehoods and untruths

Mendacity is a recurring theme in the play. Brick uses the word to express his disgust with the "lies and liars" he sees around him, and with complicated rules of social conduct in Southern society and culture. Big Daddy says that Brick's disgust with mendacity is really disgust with himself for rejecting Skipper before his suicide. Except for Brick, the entire family lies to Big Daddy and Big Mama about his terminal cancer. Furthermore, Big Daddy lies to his wife, and Gooper and Mae exhibit avaricious motives in their attempt to secure Big Daddy's estate.

In some cases, characters refuse to believe certain statements, leading them to believe they are lies. A recurring phrase is the line, "Wouldn't it be funny if that was true?", said by both Big Daddy and Brick after Big Mama and Maggie (respectively) proclaim their love. The characters' statements of feeling are no longer clear-cut truths or lies; instead, they become subject to greater or lesser certainty. This phrase is the last line of the play as originally written by Williams and again in the 1974 version.[4]

Facing death

How humans deal with death is also a focus of this play, as are the futility and nihilism some feel when confronted with imminent mortality. Similar ideas are found in Dylan Thomas's "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night", which Williams excerpted and added as an epigraph to his 1974 version.[5] Thomas wrote the poem to his dying father.[6]

Additionally, in one of his many drafts,[7] in a footnote on Big Daddy's action in the third act, Williams deems Cat on a Hot Tin Roof a "play which says only one affirmative thing about 'Man's Fate': that he has it still in his power not to squeal like a pig but to keep a tight mouth about it."[7]

Original production

The original Broadway production, which opened at the Morosco Theater on March 24, 1955, was directed by Elia Kazan and starred Barbara Bel Geddes as Maggie, Ben Gazzara as Brick, Burl Ives as Big Daddy, Mildred Dunnock as Big Mama, Pat Hingle as Gooper, and Madeleine Sherwood as Mae.[8] Bel Geddes was the only cast member nominated for a Tony Award, and Kazan was nominated for Best Director of a Play.[9] Kazan had enormous power in the industry at the time, sufficient to convince Williams to rewrite the third act to Kazan's liking.[10] Kazan requested that Maggie be shown as more sympathetic, the dying Big Daddy make a reappearance, and Brick undergo some sort of moral awakening.[10] Williams capitulated, but when the play was published later that year by New Directions Publishing, it included two versions of act three, the original and the Broadway revision, with his accompanying "Note of Explanation". For its 1974 revival, Williams made further revisions to all three acts, and New Directions published that version of the play in 1975.[11]

Both Ives and Sherwood reprised their roles in the 1958 film version. The cast also featured the southern blues duo Brownie McGhee and Sonny Terry and had as Gazzara's understudy the young Cliff Robertson. When Gazzara left the play, Jack Lord replaced him.[12] Others from the original Broadway production included R. G. Armstrong as Doctor Baugh, Fred Stewart as Reverend Tooker, Janice Dunn as Trixie, Seth Edwards as Sonny, Maxwell Glanville as Lacey, Pauline Hahn as Dixie, Darryl Richard as Buster, Eva Vaughn Smith as Daisy, and Musa Williams as Sookey.[8]

In London, the play was directed by Peter Hall and opened at the Comedy Theatre on January 30, 1958. Kim Stanley starred as Maggie, Paul Massie as Brick, and Leo McKern as Big Daddy.[13]

Revivals

A 1974 revival by the American Shakespeare Theatre featured Elizabeth Ashley (Maggie), Keir Dullea (Brick), Fred Gwynne (Big Daddy), Kate Reid and Charles Siebert and later transferred to Broadway's ANTA Theater.[14][15] Ashley was nominated for a Tony Award.[16] Williams included a revised third act and made substantial revisions elsewhere.[17] When this production moved from Connecticut to Broadway, the part of Lacey was omitted and the number of Mae and Gooper's children was reduced to three.[18] In that same decade, John Carradine—who claimed to be Williams's original choice for the role in 1955—and Mercedes McCambridge toured in a road company production as Big Daddy and Big Mama.[19]

The 1988 London National Theatre production, directed by Howard Davies, starred Ian Charleson (Brick), Lindsay Duncan (Maggie), Barbara Leigh-Hunt (, and Eric Porter.[20] The Observer's theater critic Michael Ratcliffe offered qualified praise for the production, especially admiring Porter's performance as Big Daddy and the play's second act, while critiquing the first act and Duncan's speaking style.[21] In 2012, Michael Billington referred to the production as the first "British production that finally did full justice to Williams's symphonic play."[22]

Cat returned to Broadway in 1990 with a revival also directed by Howard Davies.[23] The production ran for 149 performances and grossed $6.8 million.[23] Kathleen Turner (Maggie), Charles Durning (Big Daddy), and Polly Holliday (Big Mama) each earned Tony nominations for their performances, with Durning the sole winner.[24]

A 2001 production at the Lyric Shaftesbury, London, was the first West End revival since 1958. Directed by Anthony Page, the production featured Brendan Fraser (Brick), Frances O'Connor (Maggie), Ned Beatty (Big Daddy) and Gemma Jones (Big Mama).[25] It also included Abigail McKern—daughter of London's original Big Daddy, Leo McKern—as Mae.[25] Reviews were generally positive, especially regarding Beatty's performance.[26]

Page's production shifted to Broadway for a 2003 staging that starred Ashley Judd (Maggie) and Jason Patric (Brick).[27] Though it was a financial success that recouped its investment, the revival received mixed reviews.[28] Ben Brantley panned Patric and Judd's performances as stilted, but praised Ned Beatty as Big Daddy and Margo Martindale as Big Mama.[29] John Simon had greater praise for Judd—as "scrupulously dedicated"—but likewise praised Beatty and Martindale while lambasting Patric.[30] Martindale earned the show's sole Tony nomination.[31] The production closed early in March 2004—after 145 performances and an $8.9 million gross—due to Judd sustaining an ankle injury that prevented her from performing.[28][27]

A 2003 revival at the Belvoir St Theatre in Sydney was directed by Simon Stone and starred Jacqueline McKenzie as Maggie, Ewen Leslie as Brick, and Marshall Napier as Big Daddy. This production was a box-office hit, with the season extended to the Theatre Royal, Sydney.[32]

A 2004 production at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C., featured Mary Stuart Masterson as Maggie, Jeremy Davidson as Brick, George Grizzard as Big Daddy, Dana Ivey as Big Mama, and Emily Skinner as Mae.[33] Shortly afterward, Masterson and Davidson married.[34]

In 2008, an all-black production by first-time director Debbie Allen opened on Broadway.[35] Terrence Howard made his Broadway debut as Brick, with James Earl Jones as Big Daddy, Phylicia Rashad as Big Mama, Anika Noni Rose as Maggie and Lisa Arrindell Anderson as Mae. The staging was originally planned for January 1995 with Jones as Big Daddy and Lloyd Richards as director, but Broadway theaters declined to host it for 13 years.[36][37] Michael Musto gave the production a mixed review.[38] Ben Brantley effusively praised Rose's performance, but labelled the revival unbalanced and "flabby."[39] The play earned no Tony nominations, which The New York Times identified as a trend of Tony-voters rejecting the season's productions that were led by Hollywood actors.[40] The play was financially successful, grossing $11.9 million from 125 performances.[23]The producing team announced it had recouped its $2.1 million capitalization within 12 weeks.[41]

In November 2009, the production moved to London's West End starring Adrian Lester (Brick) and Sanaa Lathan (Maggie), with both Jones and Rashad reprising their Broadway roles.[42] The West End production received the 2010 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Revival of a Play and Jones received a nomination for Best Actor.[43]

In January 2011, a production to mark Williams's 100th birthday was presented with an American cast at the English Theater in Vienna, Austria.[44] In 2011, the play was performed at the Shaw Festival in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Canada, starring Maya O’Connell as Maggie and Gray Powell as Brick.[45]

Rob Ashford directed a 2013 Broadway revival that opened at the Richard Rodgers Theatre in January 2013.[46] Featuring Ciarán Hinds (Big Daddy), Debra Monk (Big Mama), Benjamin Walker (Brick), and Scarlett Johansson (Maggie), the production ran for 86 performances as a limited engagement.[47] Producer Stuart Thompson staged the production at Johansson's request after she sought to return to Broadway following her Tony win for A View from the Bridge.[48] She originally considered Williams's The Glass Menagerie, but didn't respond to the lead character.[48] Walker—who helped with the readthrough of Menagerie—suggested she fit Maggie in Cat better.[48] Ben Brantley reviewed Johannson's performance as flawed, but also an "undeniable life force [...] and lifeline" for an otherwise lackluster show. [49] Newsday's Linda Winer panned Johansson's performance as too restrained, with the rest of the show "faceless, respectable, and dull."[50] The production earned $11.9 million during its run,[47] though the production team said that they failed to recoup their investment.[51]

A 2014 production directed by James Dacre played at Royal & Derngate (Northampton), the Royal Exchange Theatre (Manchester), and Northern Stage (Newcastle upon Tyne), with an original score by White Lies bassist Charles Cave.[52] It featured Mariah Gale (Maggie), Charles Aitken (Brick), Daragh O'Malley (Big Daddy), and Kim Criswell (Big Mama). Paul Vallely praised the production for its subtlety.[53]

The Berkshire Theatre Festival produced the play in 2016, under the direction of David Auburn, with Michael Raymond-James (Brick), Rebecca Brooksher (Maggie), Linda Gehringer (Big Mama), and Jim Beaver (Big Daddy).[54] A review in the local publication, The Berkshire Edge, rendered the production "questionable" and especially criticized the play's unfaithfulness to the material and Raymond-James's unsympathetic performance.[55]

The Young Vic's 2017 production—directed by Benedict Andrews and starring Sienna Miller (Maggie), Jack O'Connell (Brick), Colm Meaney (Big Daddy), Lisa Palfrey (Big Mama), Hayley Squires (Mae), and Brian Gleeson (Gooper)—was filmed at the Apollo Theatre for National Theatre Live.[56] On March 10, 2021, the filmed production was added to the National Theatre Live's streaming service: National Theatre At Home.[57]

In 2022, the Tennessee Williams estate granted the production company Ruth Stage the right to perform the show off-Broadway for the first time in the play's history.[58] The show ran to largely positive reviews for 35 performances at the Theatre at St. Clements in Hell's Kitchen.[58] Because of the show's success, the estate granted an unprecedented re-engagement for 41 more performances at the same theater in the winter of 2023.[58]

A London revival directed by Rebecca Frecknall opened at the Almeida Theatre in December 2024, starring Daisy Edgar-Jones as Maggie and Kingsley Ben-Adir as Brick.[59][60] Arifa Akbar praised elements of the production, but ultimately decreed it "a production that you admire rather than one that moves you."[61]

The big-screen adaptation was released by MGM in 1958 and starred Elizabeth Taylor, Paul Newman, Judith Anderson, and Jack Carson, with Burl Ives and Madeleine Sherwood reprising their stage roles. Critics said that film censors and directors diminished the motion picture's authenticity.[10] The Hays Code limited Brick's portrayal of sexual desire for Skipper and diminished the play's critique of homophobia and sexism. According to critic Emanuel Levy, George Cukor was initially assigned to direct the film, "though issues of censorship—homosexuality in particular—prevented him from doing it".[67] Director Richard Brooks's version was criticized for toning down the play, specifically eliminating the homosexual theme.[67] The film substituted hazy hero-worship for Williams's strong suggestion of homosexuality.[67] Williams was reportedly unhappy with the screenplay, which removed almost all the homosexual themes and revised the third act section to include a lengthy scene of reconciliation between Brick and Big Daddy. Paul Newman, the film's star, also stated his disappointment with the adaptation.

The film was highly acclaimed and was nominated for several Academy Awards, including Best Picture. Elizabeth Taylor and Paul Newman both received Oscar nominations for their performances.

In 1976, a TV version was produced, starring the then husband-and-wife team of Natalie Wood and Robert Wagner, and featuring Laurence Olivier as Big Daddy and Maureen Stapleton as Big Mama.

In 1984, another TV version was produced by American Playhouse, starring Jessica Lange, Tommy Lee Jones, Rip Torn, Kim Stanley, David Dukes, and Penny Fuller. This adaptation, directed by Jack Hofsiss, revived the sexual innuendos that the 1958 film muted. Both Stanley and Fuller were nominated for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries, and Stanley won.

The 2016 Bollywood movie Kapoor & Sons drew its inspiration from the play.

A new film adaptation was announced in 2021, with Antoine Fuqua directing and producing. The producers of the 2008 Broadway revival, Stephen C. Byrd and Alia Jones-Harvey, will also produce.[68]

Original Broadway production

1974 Broadway revival

1990 Broadway revival

2003 Broadway revival

2008 Broadway revival

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Informational notes

1. ^ Joseph Pulitzer Jr. pressured the prize jury into presenting the Prize to Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, which the jury considered the weakest of the five shortlisted nominees ("amateurishly constructed... from the stylistic points of view annoyingly pretentious"), instead of Clifford Odets' The Flowering Peach (their preferred choice) or The Bad Seed, their second choice.[69]

Citations

1. ^ Williams, Tennessee. Plays 1937–1955. Mel Gussow and Kenneth Holditch, eds. New York: Library of America, 2000, pp. 1017–1018, 1034. ISBN 978-1-883011-86-4
2. ^ Parker, Brian: "Swinging a Cat", as published within Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, p. 175. New York: New Directions Publishing Corporation, 2004.
3. ^ a b Williams, Tennessee: "Notes for the Designer", Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, p. 15. New Directions Publishing Corporation, 2004.
4. ^ Williams, Tennessee: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, p. 173. New Directions Publishing Corporation, 2004.
5. ^ Williams, Tennessee: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, p. 14. New Directions Publishing Corporation, 2004.
6. ^ Parker, Brian: "Swinging a Cat", published within Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, p. 177. New Directions Publishing Corporation, 2004.
7. ^ a b Parker, Brian: "Swinging a Cat", published within Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, p. 181. New Directions Publishing Corporation, 2004.
8. ^ a b Williams, Tennessee (1983). Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. New York: Signet. p. 4. ISBN 0-451-17112-8.
9. ^ "Tony Awards".
10. ^ a b c Billington, Michael (September 30, 2012). "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof: Tennessee Williams's southern discomfort". theguardian.com. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
11. ^ [8] Williams, Tennessee. Plays 1937–1955, pp. 1034–1035.
12. ^ Cat on a Hot Tin Roof: The Playbill for the Morosco Theatre. Playbill Incorporated. 1955. pp. 25, 27, 36, 38.
13. ^ Theatre World Annual (London) number nine [editor: Frances Stephens], London 1958
14. ^ Gussow, Mel (July 22, 1974). "Williams Revises his Tat' for Stratford". The New York Times. Retrieved January 20, 2026.
15. ^ Barnes, Clive (September 25, 1974). "New and Gripping 'Cat' at the ANTA". The New York Times. Retrieved January 20, 2026.
16. ^ "The Tony Award Nominations". The Tony Awards. American Theatre Wing. Retrieved January 20, 2026.
17. ^ Albee, Edward: "Introduction" for Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, p. 8. New Directions Publishing Corporation, 2004.
18. ^ a b Williams, Tennessee: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, p. 13. New Directions Publishing Corporation, 2004.
19. ^ Buckley, Michael (March 11, 2008). "STAGE TO SCREENS: Chats with Debbie Allen, Scott Bakula and Chita Rivera | Playbill". Playbill. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2026.
20. ^ "Production of Cat On A Hot Tin Roof | Theatricalia". theatricalia.com.
21. ^ Ratcliffe, Michael (February 7, 1988). "Sour Mash Stew: Theatre". The Observer. p. 26. Retrieved January 24, 2026.
22. ^ Billington, Michael (September 30, 2012). "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof: Tennessee Williams's southern discomfort". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 24, 2026.
23. ^ a b c "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof at Eugene O'Neill Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved January 20, 2026.
24. ^ "The Tony Award Nominations". www.tonyawards.com. Retrieved January 21, 2026.
25. ^ a b Wolf, Matt (September 23, 2001). "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof". Variety. Retrieved January 21, 2026.
26. ^ "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof on stage in London starring Sienna Miller and Jack O'Connell through to 7 October 2017 - theatre tickets and information". www.thisistheatre.com.
27. ^ a b c "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Broadway @ Music Box Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
28. ^ a b Jones, Kenneth (March 3, 2004). "Bway Revival of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Will End Its Run Early, Closing March 7 | Playbill". Playbill. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2026.
29. ^ Brantley, Ben (November 3, 2003). "THEATER REVIEW; Big Daddy's Ego Defies Death and His Family (Published 2003)". Archived from the original on September 28, 2025. Retrieved January 21, 2026.
30. ^ Simon, John (November 5, 2003). "The Violet Hour, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof - Bounce - New York Theater Review". New York Magazine. Retrieved January 21, 2026.
31. ^ "Winners". www.tonyawards.com. Retrieved January 21, 2026.
32. ^ "Cat goes to Theatre Royal". Belvoir St Theatre. February 8, 2013. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
33. ^ Harris, Paul (June 23, 2004). "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof". Variety. Retrieved January 23, 2026.
34. ^ Cloud, Darrah; Simpatico, David (September 28, 2016). "Farmers' stories rooted in 'Good Dirt'". Poughkeepsie Journal. Retrieved January 23, 2026.
35. ^ "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, all African-American production to star James Earl Jones, Terrence Howard, Phylicia Rashad, Anika Noni Rose". New York Theatre Guide. Broadway.com. October 19, 2017. Retrieved January 23, 2026.
36. ^ Daniels, Cora (June 1, 2008). "The Business of Broadway". Fast Company. Archived from the original on September 26, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2026.
37. ^ Fleming, Michael (April 25, 1994). "Fox wins battle to build 'Bridge'". Variety. Retrieved January 20, 2026.
38. ^ Musto, Michael (March 10, 2008). "'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof': Now and Forever?". The Village Voice. Retrieved January 23, 2026.
39. ^ Brantley, Ben (March 7, 2008). "Yet Another Life for Maggie the Cat". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 22, 2023. Retrieved January 23, 2026.
40. ^ Robertson, Campbell (May 14, 2008). "This Year's Tony List Is Filled With Unusual Suspects". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 26, 2022. Retrieved January 23, 2026.
41. ^ Jones, Kenneth (May 15, 2008). "Cat Producers Recoup Investment; Will It Be a Film Next?". Playbill. Archived from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2026.
42. ^ "Cat West End". CatWestEnd.com. Retrieved June 21, 2011.
43. ^ "Laurence Olivier Theatre Awards 2010 Winners Announced". London Theatre. Retrieved January 23, 2026.
44. ^ Jones, Kenneth (February 2, 2011). "Cat On a Hot Tin Roof, With Six U.S. Actors, Opens in Vienna Feb. 2 | Playbill". Playbill. Archived from the original on September 16, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2026.
45. ^ Nestruck`, Kelly (May 27, 2011). "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof: Family angst, pure theatrical bliss". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved January 23, 2026.
46. ^ "Benjamin Walker, Debra Monk and Ciarán Hinds Will Join Scarlett Johansson in Broadway's Cat on a Hot Tin Roof". Playbill. September 20, 2012. Archived from the original on January 3, 2013. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
47. ^ a b "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (Broadway, Richard Rodgers Theatre, 2013)". Playbill. Archived from the original on December 25, 2025. Retrieved January 24, 2026.
48. ^ a b c Healy, Patrick (December 19, 2012). "The Kitten Makes Way for the Cat". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 17, 2022. Retrieved January 24, 2026.
49. ^ Teachout, Terry (January 18, 2013). "Tales of the Lonely Crowd | Picnic | Cat on a Hot Tin Roof | The Other Place". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved January 24, 2026.
50. ^ Boehm, Mike (January 18, 2013). "Scarlett Johansson in Broadway's 'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof': What did critics think?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 24, 2026.
51. ^ Healy, Patrick (April 2, 2013). "'Cat' Ticket Sales Fall Short of Recouping Costs". The New York Times. Retrieved January 24, 2026.
52. ^ Youngs, Ian (September 12, 2014). "White Lies star on composing for theatres and supermarkets". BBC News. Retrieved January 24, 2026.
53. ^ Vallely, Paul (November 6, 2014). "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Royal Exchange Manchester, review: A compelling". The Independent. Retrieved January 24, 2026.
54. ^ "John Gray's Fade to Gray column: Beaver on a hot tin roof". troyrecord. June 21, 2016. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
55. ^ Bergman, J. Peter (June 28, 2016). "THEATRE REVIEW: 'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof' - great play, disappointing production". The Berkshire Edge. Retrieved January 24, 2026.
56. ^ "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof".
57. ^ "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Starring Sienna Miller, Joins National Theatre Streaming Service | TheaterMania". www.theatermania.com. March 10, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
58. ^ a b c Putnam, Leah (March 10, 2023). "Ruth Stage and the Little Cat on a Hot Tin Roof That Can". Playbill. Retrieved January 24, 2026.
59. ^ "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof". Almeida Theatre. Retrieved November 29, 2024.
60. ^ Wiegand, Chris (September 20, 2024). "Daisy Edgar-Jones to star in new production of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved November 29, 2024.
61. ^ Akbar, Arifa (December 18, 2024). "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof review – Daisy Edgar-Jones is full of angry energy in a stylish family face-off". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 24, 2026.
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66. ^ a b c Williams, Tennessee: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, p. 12. New Directions Publishing Corporation, 2004.
67. ^ a b c Levy, Emanuel (February 7, 2008). "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958): Tennessee Williams on Big Screen, Starring Paul Newman and Elizabeth Taylor". emanuellevy.com. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
68. ^ Lang, Brent (April 21, 2021). "Antoine Fuqua Directing Film Adaptation of 'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
69. ^ Fischer, Heinz-Dietrich & Erika J. Fischer. The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award-Winning Materials in Journalism, Letters, and Arts München: K.G. Saur, 2008. ISBN 3-598-30170-7 ISBN 9783598301704 p. 246.

• Bloom, Harold (ed.). Tennessee Williams, Modern Critical Views, 80. New York: Chelsea House, 1987.
• Cañadas, Ivan. "The Naming of Straw and Ochello in Tennessee Williams's Cat On a Hot Tin Roof", English Language Notes 42.4 (June 2005): 57–62.
• Clum, John M. "'Something Cloudy, Something Clear': Homophobic Discourse in Tennessee Williams", South Atlantic Quarterly 88.1 (Winter 1989): 161–79.
• The National, indie rock band. "City Middle" from the record Alligator: "I think I'm like Tennessee Williams, I wait for the click; I wait, but it doesn't kick in."
• Plooster, Nancy. "Silent Partners: Lost Lovers in American Drama". 1995 Queer Frontiers: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual National Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Graduate Student Conference. University of Southern California. March 23–26, 1995, Ed. John Waiblinger. University of Southern California Library. USC.edu
• Shackelford, Dean. "The Truth That Must Be Told: Gay Subjectivity, Homophobia, and Social History in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof". Tennessee Williams Annual Review 1 (1998): 103–118.
• Spoto, Donald (1985). The Kindness of Strangers: The Life of Tennessee Williams. Boston: Little Brown. ISBN 0-306-80805-6.
• Stanton, Stephen S. (Ed.). Tennessee Williams: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1977.
• Winchell, Mark Royden. "Come Back to the Locker Room Ag'in, Brick Honey!". Mississippi Quarterly: The Journal of Southern Culture. 48:4 (Fall 1995): 701–12.

• ​Cat on a Hot Tin Roof​ at the Internet Broadway Database
• ​Cat on a Hot Tin Roof​ at the Internet Broadway Database
• Cat on a Hot Tin Roof study guide, themes, quotes, character analyses, teaching guide
• "Three Players of a Summer Game" by Tennessee Williams, The New Yorker, 1952.
• The New Yorker, November 1, 1952 issue containing "Three Players of a Summer Game" by Tennessee Williams, p. 27.