Essay Questions

How does Erikson regard Freud's theories about psychological development?

Throughout the text, Erikson emphasizes his respect for Freud and his agreement with Freud’s theories about psychological development. He uses Freud's stages of psychological development as an inspiration for his own. Erikson deviates from Freud on some key points, including the fact that Erikson focuses on the ego, whereas Freud focused heavily on the body and sexuality.

What factors does Erikson argue shape a child's personality?

Erikson argues that social factors influence a child’s personality, such as how well they fit the ideals of the society they live in. He also emphasizes that kind and nurturing treatment from a child’s caregiver is essential in having a healthy psychological development. Finally, Erikson also states that personal experiences such as rejection, encouragement or embarrassment can have negative and positive effects on a person’s identity.

What case studies does Erikson use to illustrate his argument?

Erikson uses a mixture of historical, literary and personal case studies to defend his arguments. For example, Erikson writes about his time working with Native American tribes. He also analyses Hitler's childhood, and how it led to an unhealthy development of character.