Answer
(a) -1
(b) 3
(c) does not exist
(d) 1
Work Step by Step
(a) as the function approaches x=3 from the left side, we can see that the graph reaches the open dot located at y=-1, meaning the limit equals -1
(b) as the function approaches x=3 from the right side, we can see that the graph reaches the open point located at y=3, meaning the limit equals 3
(c) because the limit does not equal the same value when approached from the left or from the right, this limit does not exist
(d) we can see the closed dot located at the coordinate (3,1). Because it is closed and the other two dots at x=3 are open, this closed dot determines the value of the function at x=3. Therefore, f(3)=1.