Answer
Observational study is a study in which the assignment of elements to different treatments is voluntary, and the researchers simply observe the result of the study.
A designed experiment is a study in which the experimenter controls the assignments of elements to different groups.
Randomization is the procedure in which elements are assigned to different (treatment and control) groups at random.
A treatment group is a group which a condition is imposed on a group of elements by the experimenter.
A control group is a group on which no condition is imposed.
A double blind experiment is an experiment in which neither doctor nor the patients (or members) know to which group a patient or member belongs.
The placebo effect is when patients respond to any kind of medicine, even if the medicine consists of sugar pills which have no clinical effects.
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