Answer
The mitotic phases of the cell cycle ( distinct from cytokinesis) include prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Prophase follows right after G2 stage of the interphase . In this first phase of mitosis, the condensation and shortening of the chromosome is probably the most consequential process. This is important because it lessens the chances of chromosomal entanglements during the subsequent movements of following phases. However, there are other prophase happenings: spindle formation is initiated; centrosomes begin to move to poles; nuclei disappear, and nuclear membranes break down. Metaphase is the next phase of mitosis: in this phase the bifid chromosomes are lined up on the equatorial metaphase plate . This arrangement in metaphase helps to ensure proper division and allocation of the chromosomes. The following phase, anaphase, is the phase of dramatic action. In this phase chromosomes split, and sister chromatids separate, and are pulled by spindle fibres to opposite poles of the cells. In the later stage of anaphase cells elongate and DNA becomes most condensed. Anaphase is an active dividing of the nuclear DNA of the "mother" cell so that each derived (daughter) cell gets an equal share, both in kind and in quantity. This ensures the continuance of normally functioning cells. Telophase is the end process of mitosis. In this phase the chromosomes are at the poles, and for a while the cell continues to lengthen. Then the condensed DNA molecules begin to decondense and uncoil, reassuming the original form of chromatin threads.Soon a new membrane will surround the nuclear material in each daughter cell, and nucleoli will reform in each nucleus. The separation of the nucleus by a semipermeable membrane, and the reconstitution of the nucleoli are very important in formation of ribosomes and in the DNA translation.
Work Step by Step
Cytokinesis is now considered a separate process from mitosis itself. Nevertheless, the separation of the dividing cell into two new entities, each with its own nucleus, cytoplasm, and semipermeable plasma membrane is a vital part of the cell cycle.
