Calculus 10th Edition

Published by Brooks Cole
ISBN 10: 1-28505-709-0
ISBN 13: 978-1-28505-709-5

Chapter 1 - Limits and Their Properties - Section Project - Graphs and Limits of Trigonometric Functions - Page 90: d

Answer

$$m=\frac{\sin x}{x}$$ The slope of the secant line joining $(0,0)$ to the following point:$$x=0.1 \quad \rightarrow \quad m \approx 0.99833417 \\ x=0.01 \quad \rightarrow \quad m \approx 0.99998333$$ The exact slope of the tangent line at the point $(0,0)$ is $m=1$.

Work Step by Step

The slope of the secant line joining the points $(x, \sin x)$ and $(0,0)$ can be obtained as follows.$$m=\frac {\Delta y }{ \Delta x} \quad \Rightarrow \quad m=\frac {y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1}= \frac{\sin x -0}{x-0}=\frac{\sin x}{x}.$$Evaluating this formula at $x=0.1$ and $x=0.01$, we get$$x=0.1 \quad \rightarrow \quad m= \frac{\sin 0.1}{0.1} \approx 0.99833417 \\ x=0.01 \quad \rightarrow \quad m= \frac{\sin 0.01}{0.01} \approx 0.99998333 \, .$$To find the exact slope of the tangent line at the point $(0,0)$, we must find the limit of $m$ when $x$ approaches $0$; that is,$$\lim_{x \to 0}\frac{\sin x}{x}=1 .$$
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