Answer
a. This statement says that all of the circles are above all of the squares. This statement is true because the circles are a, b, and c, and the squares are e, g, h, and j, and all of a, b, and c lie above all of e, g, h, and j.
b. Negation: There is a circle x and a square y such that x is not above y. In other words, at least one of the circles is not above at least one of the squares.
Work Step by Step
Recall the negation of a for all statement:
~(∀x in D, P(x)) ≡ ∃x in D such that ~P(x).
To negate a multiply quantified statement, apply the laws in stages moving left to right along the sentence.
