Multivariable Calculus, 7th Edition

Published by Brooks Cole
ISBN 10: 0-53849-787-4
ISBN 13: 978-0-53849-787-9

Chapter 10 - Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates - 10.3 Exercises - Page 686: 2

Answer

$a.$ $(1,\displaystyle \frac{7\pi}{4}), \quad (1,\frac{15\pi}{4})\quad (-1,\frac{11\pi}{4}) \quad$all represent the same point $A$. $b.$ $(-3,\displaystyle \frac{\pi}{6}), \quad(-3,\frac{13\pi}{6}), \quad(+3,\frac{7\pi}{6}), \quad$all represent the same point $B.$ $c.$ $(1,-1), \quad (1,-1+2\pi),\quad (-1,-1+\pi),\quad$ all represent the same point $C$.

Work Step by Step

$2(r,\theta\pm 2k\pi),\ k\in \mathbb{Z}$ and $(r,\theta)$ represent the same point $(-r,\theta\pm 2k\pi),\ k\in \mathbb{Z}$ represent the point symmetric to $(r,\theta)$, over the pole (origin). $(r,\theta\pm(2k+1)\pi),\ k\in \mathbb{Z}$ represent the point symmetric to $(r,\theta)$, over the pole (origin). $(-r,\theta\pm(2k+1)\pi),\ k\in \mathbb{Z}$ and $(r,\theta)$ represent the same point. Leaving the same r, adding an even multiple of $\pi$ to $\theta$ yields the same point. Changing the sign of r, adding an odd multiple of $\pi$ to $\theta$ yields the same point. $a.$ $(1,\displaystyle \frac{7\pi}{4}), \quad (1,\frac{15\pi}{4})\quad (-1,\frac{11\pi}{4}) \quad$all represent the same point $A$. $b.$ $(-3,\displaystyle \frac{\pi}{6}), \quad(-3,\frac{13\pi}{6}), \quad(+3,\frac{7\pi}{6}), \quad$all represent the same point $B.$ $c.$ $(1,-1), \quad (1,-1+2\pi),\quad (-1,-1+\pi),\quad$ all represent the same point $C$.
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