An Introduction to Mathematical Statistics and Its Applications (6th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-13411-421-3
ISBN 13: 978-0-13411-421-7

Chapter 2 Probability - 2.4 Conditional Probability - Questions - Page 44: 26

Answer

$\frac{11}{72}$

Work Step by Step

Define the events $A_{1}$ = "Heads." $\quad P(A_{1})=0.5$ $A_{2}$ = "Tails." $\quad P(A_{2})=0.5$ $B$ = "Sum of the faces of the dice is $6$" Compute $P(B|A_{1})$: If one die is cast, there is one favorable outcome out of $6$. Thus, $P(B|A_{1})=\displaystyle \frac{1}{6}$. Compute $P(B|A_{2})$: If two dice are cast, there are $36$ possible outcomes. The outcomes resulting in a sum of $6$ are $(1,5),(5,1),(2,4),(4,2)$ and $(3,3)$. Thus, $P(B|A_{2})=\displaystyle \frac{5}{36}$. We can now apply the theorem $$\begin{align*} P(B)&=\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{n}P(B|A_{i})P(A_{i}) & & \\ &= \displaystyle \frac{1}{6}\cdot\frac{1}{2}+ \frac{5}{36}\cdot\frac{1}{2} \\ & =\frac{11}{72} \end{align*}$$
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