Differential Equations and Linear Algebra (4th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32196-467-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32196-467-0

Chapter 7 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors - 7.6 Jordan Canonical Forms - Problems - Page 487: 20

Answer

See below

Work Step by Step

1. Find eigenvalues: (A-$\lambda$I)$\vec{V}$=$\vec{0}$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1-\lambda & 1\\ -1 & 3-\lambda \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} v_1\\ v_2 \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 0 \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1-\lambda & 1\\ -1 & 3-\lambda \end{bmatrix}=0$ $(1- \lambda)(3-\lambda)+1=0$ $\lambda_1= \lambda_2=2$ 2. Find eigenvectors: For $\lambda=2$ let $B=A-\lambda_1I$ $B=\begin{bmatrix} 1-\lambda & 1\\ -1 & 3-\lambda \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 1 \\ -1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} v_1\\ v_2 \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 0 \end{bmatrix} \\$ Let $r,s$ be free variables. $\vec{V}=r(1,1) +s(1,2)\\ E_1=\{(1,1);(1,2)\} \\ \rightarrow dim(E_2)=2$ Hence, $S=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1\\ 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix} \\ S=\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -1\\ -1 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \\ \rightarrow S^{-1}AS=D=\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix} $
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