Differential Equations and Linear Algebra (4th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32196-467-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32196-467-0

Chapter 7 - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors - 7.6 Jordan Canonical Forms - Problems - Page 487: 24

Answer

See below

Work Step by Step

1. Find eigenvalues: (A-$\lambda$I)$\vec{V}$=$\vec{0}$ $\begin{bmatrix} -6-\lambda & 1 & 0\\ -\frac{1}{2} & -\frac{9}{2}-\lambda & \frac{1}{2}\\ -\frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{11}{2}-\lambda \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} v_1\\ v_2 \\ v_3 \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 0 \\0 \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} -6-\lambda & 1 & 0\\ -\frac{1}{2} & -\frac{9}{2}-\lambda & \frac{1}{2}\\ -\frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{11}{2}-\lambda \end{bmatrix}=0$ $(6+ \lambda)(\lambda+5)^2=0$ $\lambda_1=-6,\lambda_2=\lambda_3=-5$ 2. Find eigenvectors: For $\lambda=-5$ let $B=A-\lambda_1I$ $B=\begin{bmatrix} -6-\lambda & 1 & 0\\ -\frac{1}{2} & -\frac{9}{2}-\lambda & \frac{1}{2}\\ -\frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{11}{2}-\lambda \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 1 & 0\\ -\frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2}\\ -\frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{1}{2}\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 0 \\0 \end{bmatrix} $ Let $r,s$ be free variables. $\vec{V}=r(1,1,0)+s(0,1,1)\\ E_1=\{(1,1,0);(0,1,1)\} \\ \rightarrow dim(E_2)=2$ For $\lambda=-6$ let $B=A-\lambda_1I$ $B=\begin{bmatrix} -6-\lambda & 1 & 0\\ -\frac{1}{2} & -\frac{9}{2}-\lambda & \frac{1}{2}\\ -\frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{11}{2}-\lambda \end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 1 & 0\\ -\frac{1}{2} & \frac{3}{2} & \frac{1}{2}\\ -\frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} \end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 0 \\0 \end{bmatrix} $ Let $r$ be a free variable. $\vec{V}=r(1,0,1)\\ E_1=\{(1,0,1)\} \\ \rightarrow dim(E_2)=1$ Hence, $S=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 1\\ 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \\ \rightarrow S^{-1}AS=D=\begin{bmatrix} -5 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & -5 & 0\\0 & 0 & -6 \end{bmatrix} $
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